1-Decanol
Decan-1-ol is a fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of ten carbon atoms. It has a role as a metabolite, a pheromone and a protic …
Chemical Glossary — Letter D
102 chemicals found starting with "D"
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-dichlorobenzene is a dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. It has a role as a metabolite and a hepatotoxic agent.
1,2-Dichloroethane
Ethylene dichloride (1,2-Dichloroethane) can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
1,2-Dimethoxyethane
1,2-dimethoxyethane is a diether that is the 1,2-dimethyl ether of ethane-1,2-diol. It has a role as a non-polar solvent. It is functionally related to an ethylene glycol.
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (C5H10N2O) is a solvent that appears as Liquid. It has a molecular weight of 114.15 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one.
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
Triethylenediamine is an organic heterobicylic compound that is piperazine with an ethane-1,2-diyl group forming a bridge between N1 and N4. It is typically used as a catalyst in p…
1,4-Dioxane
1,4-Dioxane can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (C9H16N2) is a base or alkali that appears as Dry Powder; Liquid. It has a molecular weight of 152.24 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-o…
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine is a C-nitro compound that is phenylhydrazine substituted at the 2- and 4-positions by nitro groups. It has a role as a reagent. It is a member of phenyl…
4-Dimethylaminopyridine
4-Dimethylaminopyridine (C7H10N2) is a laboratory reagent that appears as Pellets or Large Crystals. It has a molecular weight of 122.17 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is N,N-dimethylpyridi…
D-Fructose
D-fructopyranose is a fructopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as a sweetening agent. It is a D-fructose, a fructopyranose and a cyclic hemiketal.
D-Galactose
D-galactopyranose is a galactopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as a mouse metabolite and an Escherichia coli metabolite. It is a D-galactose and a galactopyranose.
D-Glucose
D-glucopyranose is a glucopyranose having D-configuration. It has a role as a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a human me…
D-Maltose
Maltose is a glycosylglucose consisting of two D-glucopyranose units connected by an alpha-(14)-linkage. It has a role as a sweetening agent, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces ce…
D-Mannitol
D-mannitol is the D-enantiomer of mannitol. It has a role as a member of compatible osmolytes, a metabolite, an antiglaucoma drug, an osmotic diuretic, a sweetening agent, an aller…
D-Orbitals
D-orbitals are the five atomic orbitals with angular momentum quantum number l = 2, capable of holding up to 10 electrons. They appear starting from the third principal energy leve…
D-Ribose
D-ribopyranose is a D-ribose and the D-enantiomer of ribopyranose. It is a D-ribose and a ribopyranose. It is an enantiomer of a L-ribopyranose.
D-Transition Elements (Metals)
D-transition elements (also called transition metals or d-block elements) are elements in which the d orbitals are progressively filled. They occupy Groups 3–12 of the periodic tab…
Dansyl chloride
Dansyl chloride (C12H12ClNO2S) is a laboratory reagent that appears as Yellow-orange solid; [Merck Index] Orange powder; [Alfa Aesar MSDS]. It has a molecular weight of 269.75 g/mo…
Darmstadtium
Darmstadtium is a synthetic radioactive transactinide element named after Darmstadt, Germany. Expected to behave similarly to platinum. First synthesised in 1994 at GSI Darmstadt.
Daughter Nuclide
A daughter nuclide (or daughter isotope) is the nuclide produced as a result of the radioactive decay of a parent nuclide. After decay, the daughter nuclide may itself be radioacti…
Debye
The Debye (symbol: D) is a unit of electric dipole moment, named after physicist Peter Debye. It is used to express the magnitude of molecular dipole moments. One Debye equals 3.33…
Decalin
Decalin is an ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene. It has a role as a solvent.
Decane
Decane (C10H22) is an organic compound that appears as N-decane appears as a colorless liquid. Flash point 115 °F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than…
Degenerate
In chemistry and quantum mechanics, degenerate refers to two or more quantum states (orbitals, energy levels) that have the same energy. For example, the three 2p orbitals (2px, 2p…
Delocalization
Delocalization in chemistry refers to the distribution of electrons (particularly π electrons or lone pairs) over more than two atoms in a molecule, rather than being localised bet…
Denaturation
The process by which a protein or nucleic acid loses its native three-dimensional structure due to disruption of stabilizing interactions. Denaturing agents include heat, extreme p…
Denatured
A term describing a substance, particularly a protein or nucleic acid, that has lost its native structure and function. Also refers to ethanol that has been rendered unfit for drin…
Density
The mass per unit volume of a substance, typically expressed in g/cm³ or kg/m³. Density is an intensive property that depends on temperature and pressure. It is calculated as densi…
Deposition
The phase transition in which a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without passing through the liquid phase. This is the reverse of sublimation. Examples include fros…
Derivative
In chemistry, a compound that is structurally related to a parent compound and derived from it by chemical modification. For example, acetic acid is a derivative of ethane. Derivat…
Dermal Toxicity
The capacity of a substance to cause harmful effects when it contacts or penetrates the skin. Dermal toxicity assessments evaluate skin irritation, sensitization, and systemic toxi…
Designated Area
A specific location in a laboratory or workplace that has been formally assigned for particular activities, especially those involving hazardous materials. Designated areas have ap…
Dess-Martin periodinane
Dess-Martin periodinane (C13H13IO8) is a laboratory reagent. It has a molecular weight of 424.14 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is (1,1-diacetyloxy-3-oxo-1lambda5,2-benziodoxol-1-yl) acetat…
Detergent
A surfactant or mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties. Detergents contain both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) portions, allowing them to em…
Deuterium
A stable isotope of hydrogen with one proton and one neutron in its nucleus (symbol: ²H or D). It has approximately twice the mass of ordinary hydrogen. Heavy water (D₂O) contains …
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone is a fluorinated steroid that is 9-fluoropregna-1,4-diene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 17 and 21, a methyl group at position 16 and oxo groups at po…
Dextrorotatory
A term describing an optically active compound that rotates plane-polarized light in a clockwise direction (to the right) when viewed facing the oncoming light. Designated with a (…
Diagonal Similarities
The phenomenon in which certain elements in the periodic table show chemical similarities to the element diagonally adjacent to them in the next period. For example, lithium resemb…
Diamagnetism
A form of magnetism in which a material is weakly repelled by an external magnetic field. It arises from paired electrons whose magnetic moments cancel out. All substances have dia…
Diazepam
Diazepam can cause developmental toxicity according to state or federal government labeling requirements.
Diazomethane
Diazomethane is the simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group. It has a role as an alkylating agent, an antineoplastic agent, a carcinogenic …
Diborane
Diborane (B2H6) is an inorganic compound. It has a molecular weight of 27.67 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is borane.
Dibutyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DBP) can cause developmental toxicity, female reproductive toxicity and male reproductive toxicity according to The National Toxicology Program's Center for t…
Dichloroacetic acid
Dichloroacetic Acid can cause cancer, developmental toxicity and male reproductive toxicity according to The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Dichloromethane
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is a carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms. It has a role as an ATP synthase inhibitor, a cross-linking reagent …
Diethyl carbonate
Diethyl carbonate (C5H10O3) is a solvent that appears as Diethyl carbonate appears as a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. It is slightly less dense than water and insolub…
Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether is an ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups. It has a role as an inhalation anaesthetic, a non-polar solvent and a refrigerant. It is a volatil…
Diethyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate is the diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. It has a role as a teratogenic agent, a neurotoxin and a plasticiser. It is an ethyl ester, a phthalate est…
Diethyl sulfate
Diethyl Sulfate can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
Diethylamine
Diethylamine is a secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are ethyl. It is a conjugate base of a diethylammonium.
Diethylene glycol
Diethylene glycol (C4H10O3) is an organic compound that appears as Diethylene glycol appears as a colorless liquid. Denser than water. Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and …
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
A thermal analysis technique that measures the heat flow into or out of a sample as a function of temperature or time. DSC is used to study phase transitions, melting points, glass…
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA)
A thermal analysis technique that measures the temperature difference between a sample and a reference material as both are heated or cooled at the same rate. DTA detects thermal e…
Differential Thermometer
A thermometer designed to measure small differences in temperature between two points rather than absolute temperatures. It is used in precise calorimetric measurements and thermal…
Diglyme
Diglyme is a polyether that is the dimethyl ether derivative of diethylene glycol. It has a role as a xenobiotic, a solvent and an environmental contaminant. It is functionally rel…
Diisobutylaluminium hydride
Diisobutylaluminium hydride (C8H19Al) is a laboratory reagent that appears as Liquid. It has a molecular weight of 142.22 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is bis(2-methylpropyl)alumane. Boili…
Diisopropyl ether
Diisopropyl ether (C6H14O) is a solvent that appears as Diisopropyl ether appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ethereal odor. Flash point -18 °F. Less dense than water. Vapo…
Diisopropylethylamine
Diisopropylethylamine (C8H19N) is a base or alkali that appears as Liquid. It has a molecular weight of 129.24 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is N-ethyl-N-propan-2-ylpropan-2-amine.
Dilution
The process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent. The dilution equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relates initial and final concentrations and volumes…
Dimer
A molecule formed by the combination of two identical or similar monomer units. Dimers can be held together by covalent bonds or weaker intermolecular forces. For example, acetic a…
Dimethyl carbonate
Dimethyl carbonate is a carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4C, b.p. 90C) with a cha…
Dimethyl disulfide
Dimethyl disulfide is an organic disulfide that is methane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a methyldisulfanyl group. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.
Dimethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate (C10H10O4) is an organic compound that appears as Dimethyl phthalate appears as a water-white liquid without significant odor. Denser than water and insoluble in…
Dimethyl sulfate
Dimethyl Sulfate can cause cancer according to an independent committee of scientific and health experts.
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl sulfide is a methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae. It has a role as a marine metaboli…
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl sulfoxide is a 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. It has a role as a geroprotector, an alkylating agent, a non-narcotic analgesic, a …
Dimethylamine
Dimethylamine is a secondary aliphatic amine where both N-substituents are methyl. It has a role as a metabolite. It is a member of methylamines and a secondary aliphatic amine. It…
Dimethylformamide
N,N-Dimethylformamide can cause cancer according to California Labor Code and the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Dinitrogen tetroxide
Dinitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) is an inorganic compound that appears as Nitrogen tetroxide appears as red-brown liquid with a sharp, unpleasant chemical odor. Low-boiling (boiling poi…
Diphenylamine
Diphenylamine is an aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer …
Dipole
A system consisting of two equal and opposite electric charges separated by a distance. In chemistry, a bond dipole arises when electrons are unequally shared between two atoms of …
Dipole Moment
A measure of the polarity of a molecule, defined as the product of the charge magnitude and the distance between the positive and negative charge centers. Expressed in Debye units …
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Intermolecular attractive forces between polar molecules that arise from electrostatic interactions between permanent dipoles. The positive end of one molecule is attracted to the …
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Disodium hydrogen phosphate (HNa2O4P) is a salt that appears as Sodium phosphate, dibasic appears as a colorless to white crystalline solid. Soluble in water. The primary hazard is…
Dispersed Phase
In a colloid, the dispersed phase consists of small particles or droplets distributed throughout the continuous medium (dispersion medium). Examples include fat droplets in milk (d…
Dispersing Medium
The continuous phase of a colloid in which the dispersed phase particles are distributed. Also called the dispersion medium. For example, water is the dispersing medium in milk, an…
Displacement Reactions
Chemical reactions in which one element displaces another from a compound. Single displacement reactions occur when a more reactive element replaces a less reactive one. The activi…
Disproportionation Reactions
A redox reaction in which the same element is simultaneously oxidized and reduced, resulting in two different products. For example, copper(I) can disproportionate to copper(0) and…
Dissociation
The process by which a compound separates into ions or smaller molecules in solution or upon heating. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes on…
Dissociation Constant
An equilibrium constant that quantifies the tendency of a complex or molecule to dissociate into its component parts. For acids, Ka represents the dissociation constant in water. L…
Distilland
The liquid mixture subjected to distillation from which a component is being separated. It is the starting material placed in the distillation flask. The distilland contains the le…
Distillate
The condensed liquid collected after the vapor has passed through the condenser during distillation. The distillate contains the more volatile components of the original mixture. P…
Distillation
A separation technique that exploits differences in volatility of components in a liquid mixture. The mixture is heated to vaporize the more volatile component, which is then conde…
Dodecane
Dodecane is a straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger). It has a role as a …
Domain
In magnetism, a domain is a microscopic region within a ferromagnetic material in which all magnetic dipoles are aligned in the same direction. External magnetic fields cause domai…
Donor Atom
In coordination chemistry, the atom in a ligand that directly bonds to the central metal atom or ion by donating a lone pair of electrons. Common donor atoms include nitrogen, oxyg…
Dopamine
Dopamine is catechol in which the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It has a role as a beta-adrenergic agonist, a sympathomimetic agent, a cardiotonic …
Dosimeter
A device used to measure an individual's accumulated exposure to ionizing radiation. Types include film badges, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs), and electronic personal dosimet…
Double Bond
A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons, consisting of one sigma bond and one pi bond. Double bonds are shorter and stronger than single bonds but allow …
Double Salt
A salt formed by the crystallization of two different simple salts in a fixed ratio from a common solution. Double salts dissociate completely in water to yield all the constituent…
Doublet
In spectroscopy, a doublet is a pair of closely spaced spectral lines arising from spin-orbit coupling or other splitting mechanisms. In NMR spectroscopy, a doublet occurs when a p…
Downs Cell
An industrial electrochemical cell used to produce sodium metal and chlorine gas by electrolysis of molten sodium chloride (NaCl). The cell operates at high temperatures (around 60…
Doxycycline
Doxycycline (internal use) can cause developmental toxicity according to state or federal government labeling requirements.
DP Number
The DP (degree of polymerisation) number is the number of repeat units in a polymer chain. It determines the chain length and has a major influence on the physical properties of th…
Dry Cells
Electrochemical cells that use a paste or gel electrolyte rather than a liquid. The common zinc-carbon dry cell uses a zinc anode, manganese dioxide cathode, and ammonium chloride …
Dubnium
Dubnium is a synthetic radioactive transactinide element named after Dubna, Russia. It is expected to behave similarly to tantalum. First synthesised jointly by Soviet and American…
Dubnium
A synthetic radioactive transactinide element with atomic number 105 and symbol Db. It is named after Dubna, Russia, where it was first synthesized. Dubnium has no stable isotopes …
Dumas Method
A classical analytical technique for determining the nitrogen content of organic compounds. The sample is burned in excess oxygen, and the resulting nitrogen gas is measured volume…
Dynamic Equilibrium
A state in a reversible reaction where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, resulting in no net change in concentrations of reactants and products. At dynamic equilibr…
Dysprosium
Dysprosium is a silvery rare earth metal, atomic number 66. Second only to holmium in magnetic moment per atom. Critical component of high-performance NdFeB magnets where Dy additi…
About Chemicals Starting With D
This page lists all chemicals in our database beginning with the letter D. Each entry provides the chemical formula, CAS registry number, physical and chemical properties, common uses, and safety information. Use the alphabetical navigation above to browse other letters, or use the search function to find a specific chemical quickly.
Our chemical glossary covers acids, bases, salts, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, solvents, and many more categories. Click on any chemical name to view its full detailed profile.