D

Deposition

Gas → Solid (no liquid phase): ΔH_dep = −ΔH_sub (exothermic)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationGas → Solid (no liquid phase): ΔH_dep = −ΔH_sub (exothermic)
Also Known AsReverse sublimation, vapour-to-solid transition, desublimation, CVD (in thin film context)

What is Deposition?

The phase transition in which a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without passing through the liquid phase. This is the reverse of sublimation. Examples include frost forming on surfaces and snow crystal formation in clouds.

Formula & Notation

Gas → Solid (no liquid phase): ΔH_dep = −ΔH_sub (exothermic)

Other Names / Synonyms: Reverse sublimation, vapour-to-solid transition, desublimation, CVD (in thin film context)

Properties & Characteristics

Deposition is the phase transition in which a gas converts directly to a solid without passing through the liquid phase. It is the reverse of sublimation. Deposition releases the enthalpy of sublimation. Examples include: frost formation (water vapour → ice), iodine vapour depositing as crystals on a cold surface, and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of thin films. It occurs when a vapour is cooled or compressed below the triple-point temperature.

Uses & Applications

Deposition is exploited in chemical vapour deposition (CVD) for semiconductor film growth, in physical vapour deposition (PVD) for coating hard surfaces, in freeze-drying (lyophilisation) of pharmaceuticals, and in the formation of thin-film solar cells and optical coatings.

Safety Information

Surfaces where deposition occurs can become extremely cold (cryogenic hazard). CVD reactors use toxic precursor gases (silane SiH₄, diborane B₂H₆, TEOS) that require specialist gas handling systems and leak detection. Frost accumulation in industrial settings creates slip hazards.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Deposition
Formula Gas → Solid (no liquid phase): ΔH_dep = −ΔH_sub (exothermic)
Synonyms Reverse sublimation, vapour-to-solid transition, desublimation, CVD (in thin film context)

Frequently Asked Questions

The phase transition in which a substance changes directly from a gas to a solid without passing through the liquid phase. This is the reverse of sublimation. Examples include frost forming on surfaces and snow crystal formation in clouds.

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