D

Dissociation

AB → A⁺ + B⁻ (ionic) or AB → A• + B• (homolytic)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationAB → A⁺ + B⁻ (ionic) or AB → A• + B• (homolytic)
Also Known AsIonisation (for ionic dissociation), thermal dissociation, ionic dissociation, fragmentation

What is Dissociation?

The process by which a compound separates into ions or smaller molecules in solution or upon heating. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate. Dissociation is fundamental to understanding acid-base and ionic equilibria.

Formula & Notation

AB → A⁺ + B⁻ (ionic) or AB → A• + B• (homolytic)

Other Names / Synonyms: Ionisation (for ionic dissociation), thermal dissociation, ionic dissociation, fragmentation

Properties & Characteristics

Dissociation is the process by which a molecule, ion pair, or complex separates into its component ions, atoms, or smaller molecules. Ionic dissociation: NaCl → Na⁺ + Cl⁻ in water. Acid dissociation: CH₃COOH ⇌ CH₃COO⁻ + H⁺. Thermal dissociation: N₂O₄ ⇌ 2NO₂. The degree of dissociation (α) ranges from 0 (no dissociation) to 1 (complete). Dissociation is typically endothermic and increases with dilution (Ostwald's dilution law).

Uses & Applications

Dissociation equilibria govern the behaviour of acids, bases, salts, and complex ions in solution. Understanding dissociation is fundamental to titration analysis, buffer chemistry, electrolyte properties, and biological ion channel function.

Safety Information

Dissociation of ionic compounds in water produces ions that may be toxic (heavy metal ions, cyanide). High-temperature thermal dissociation of stable molecules can produce toxic products (HCN from nitrile heating, NOₓ from organic nitrogen compounds). Assess decomposition products in any high-temperature process.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Dissociation
Formula AB → A⁺ + B⁻ (ionic) or AB → A• + B• (homolytic)
Synonyms Ionisation (for ionic dissociation), thermal dissociation, ionic dissociation, fragmentation

Frequently Asked Questions

The process by which a compound separates into ions or smaller molecules in solution or upon heating. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate in water, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate. Dissociation is fundamental to understanding acid-base and ionic equilibria.

More "D" Terms

View all "D" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z