Distillation
| Formula / Notation | T_bp1 < T_bp2; separation based on difference in vapour pressure |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Fractional distillation, simple distillation, vacuum distillation, distillation process |
What is Distillation?
A separation technique that exploits differences in volatility of components in a liquid mixture. The mixture is heated to vaporize the more volatile component, which is then condensed and collected. Types include simple, fractional, steam, and vacuum distillation.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Fractional distillation, simple distillation, vacuum distillation, distillation process
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
A separation technique that exploits differences in volatility of components in a liquid mixture. The mixture is heated to vaporize the more volatile component, which is then condensed and collected. Types include simple, fractional, steam, and vacuum distillation.
Distillation is the world's largest-scale industrial separation process: petroleum refining (crude oil → petrol, diesel, jet fuel, naphtha), production of distilled spirits, water purification, solvent recovery, and isolation of organic synthesis products.
Distillation of flammable solvents requires flame-free heat sources (heating mantles, water baths), adequate ventilation, and proper earthing to prevent static discharge. Never distil to dryness unless intended. Superheating and explosive bumping require boiling chips or magnetic stirring.
The formula or notation for Distillation is: T_bp1 < T_bp2; separation based on difference in vapour pressure