Valence Bond Theory
A quantum mechanical theory describing covalent bonding as the overlap of atomic orbitals from two atoms, each containing one electron. The resulting bond consists of the shared el…
Chemical Glossary — Letter V
19 chemicals found starting with "V"
Valence Electrons
The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonding. For main group elements, valence electrons are in the highest s and p subshells. The number of…
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
The VSEPR theory predicts molecular geometry by minimizing repulsion between electron pairs (bonding and lone pairs) around a central atom. Lone pairs repel more strongly than bond…
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model for predicting the three-dimensional geometry of molecules based on the principle that electron pairs (both bonding …
Van der Waals Equation
An equation of state for real gases that modifies the ideal gas law to account for intermolecular attractions and finite molecular volume: (P + an²/V²)(V - nb) = nRT. The constants…
Van der Waals Forces
Weak intermolecular forces including London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and dipole-induced dipole interactions. Named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals. These…
Van't Hoff Factor
The van't Hoff factor (i) is a correction factor used in colligative property calculations to account for the fact that solutes may dissociate (electrolytes) or associate (some car…
Vanadium
Vanadium is a hard, silvery-grey transition metal, atomic number 23. Its compounds exhibit a remarkable range of colours as oxidation state changes from +2 to +5. Used in vanadium …
Vapor
Vapor is the gaseous phase of a substance that is normally found as a liquid or solid below its critical temperature, capable of being condensed into a liquid by applying pressure …
Vapor Pressure
Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature. It reflects the tendency of a sub…
Vaporization
The phase transition from liquid to gas, which can occur by evaporation (at the surface, below boiling point) or boiling (throughout the liquid, at boiling point). Vaporization is …
Vapour
Vapour (vapor) is the gaseous phase of a substance that normally exists as a liquid or solid at room temperature, present below the critical temperature of the substance. Unlike a …
Viscosity
The resistance of a fluid to flow, arising from intermolecular forces and internal friction. High viscosity fluids flow slowly (honey, motor oil). Viscosity decreases with increasi…
Volatile
Describes a substance that readily evaporates at normal temperatures due to high vapor pressure. Volatile liquids have low boiling points and strong tendency to vaporize. Examples …
Voltage
Voltage (electric potential difference) is the work done per unit charge in moving an electric charge between two points in an electric field, measured in volts (V = J/C). In elect…
Voltaic Cell
A voltaic cell (galvanic cell) is an electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy through a spontaneous redox reaction. It consists of two half-cells: …
Voltaic Cells
A voltaic cell (galvanic cell) is an electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy from a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy. It consists of two half-cells: an …
Volumetric Analysis
A quantitative analytical technique based on measuring the volume of a solution needed to react completely with a known amount of substance. Titration is the primary volumetric tec…
Vulcanization
Vulcanization is the chemical process of hardening natural or synthetic rubber by forming cross-links between polymer chains using sulfur (or other agents). Discovered by Charles G…
About Chemicals Starting With V
This page lists all chemicals in our database beginning with the letter V. Each entry provides the chemical formula, CAS registry number, physical and chemical properties, common uses, and safety information. Use the alphabetical navigation above to browse other letters, or use the search function to find a specific chemical quickly.
Our chemical glossary covers acids, bases, salts, organic compounds, inorganic compounds, solvents, and many more categories. Click on any chemical name to view its full detailed profile.