D

Dilution

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂; dilution equation; n_solute constant
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationC₁V₁ = C₂V₂; dilution equation; n_solute constant
Also Known AsDilution, solution dilution, concentration reduction, C₁V₁=C₂V₂

What is Dilution?

The process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent. The dilution equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relates initial and final concentrations and volumes. Serial dilutions are used in analytical chemistry and microbiology.

Formula & Notation

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂; dilution equation; n_solute constant

Other Names / Synonyms: Dilution, solution dilution, concentration reduction, C₁V₁=C₂V₂

Properties & Characteristics

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent. The number of moles of solute remains constant: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂. Concentration can be expressed in molarity (mol/L), molality (mol/kg), or other units. Serial dilution involves repeated dilution by a constant factor (e.g., 10-fold). In spectroscopy, dilution is used to bring concentrated samples within the instrument's linear range (Beer-Lambert law: A = εcl).

Uses & Applications

Dilution is a fundamental laboratory technique used in preparing standard solutions, reducing concentrated stock solutions for use, titration preparation, microbiology (bacterial dilution plating), pharmacology (drug dosing solutions), and industrial wastewater treatment.

Safety Information

When diluting concentrated acids (especially H₂SO₄), always add acid to water, never water to acid (exothermic — dilution of H₂SO₄ in water releases ~880 kJ/mol). Use an ice bath for highly exothermic dilutions. Wear appropriate acid-resistant PPE throughout.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Dilution
Formula C₁V₁ = C₂V₂; dilution equation; n_solute constant
Synonyms Dilution, solution dilution, concentration reduction, C₁V₁=C₂V₂

Frequently Asked Questions

The process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent. The dilution equation C₁V₁ = C₂V₂ relates initial and final concentrations and volumes. Serial dilutions are used in analytical chemistry and microbiology.

More "D" Terms

View all "D" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z