D

Dynamic Equilibrium

At equilibrium: k_forward = k_reverse; concentrations constant but reactions continue
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationAt equilibrium: k_forward = k_reverse; concentrations constant but reactions continue
Also Known AsDynamic equilibrium, reaction equilibrium, steady-state equilibrium (related concept)

What is Dynamic Equilibrium?

A state in a reversible reaction where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, resulting in no net change in concentrations of reactants and products. At dynamic equilibrium, both reactions continue to occur, but their rates balance each other perfectly.

Formula & Notation

At equilibrium: k_forward = k_reverse; concentrations constant but reactions continue

Other Names / Synonyms: Dynamic equilibrium, reaction equilibrium, steady-state equilibrium (related concept)

Properties & Characteristics

Dynamic equilibrium is the state in a reversible reaction where the forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates, so the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, even though both reactions are still occurring. It applies to chemical reactions, phase equilibria (liquid ⇌ vapour), and dissolution equilibria. "Dynamic" emphasises that the system is not static — molecules are continuously reacting in both directions.

Uses & Applications

Dynamic equilibrium governs industrial chemical processes (Haber process, Contact process), biological systems (haemoglobin oxygen binding, enzyme kinetics), atmospheric chemistry (ozone cycle), and analytical chemistry (dissolution equilibria, complexation). Le Chatelier's principle predicts shifts in dynamic equilibria.

Safety Information

A system at dynamic equilibrium can be disturbed by changes in temperature, pressure, or concentration, potentially shifting to produce toxic or hazardous species. Understanding equilibrium is essential for safe process design and for predicting the behaviour of chemical systems under changing conditions.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Dynamic Equilibrium
Formula At equilibrium: k_forward = k_reverse; concentrations constant but reactions continue
Synonyms Dynamic equilibrium, reaction equilibrium, steady-state equilibrium (related concept)

Frequently Asked Questions

A state in a reversible reaction where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, resulting in no net change in concentrations of reactants and products. At dynamic equilibrium, both reactions continue to occur, but their rates balance each other perfectly.

More "D" Terms

View all "D" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z