D

Dissociation Constant

Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]; pKa = −log Ka; Kd (dissociation constant)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationKa = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]; pKa = −log Ka; Kd (dissociation constant)
Also Known AsKa, Kb, Kd, acid dissociation constant, ionisation constant, binding constant

What is Dissociation Constant?

An equilibrium constant that quantifies the tendency of a complex or molecule to dissociate into its component parts. For acids, Ka represents the dissociation constant in water. Larger Ka values indicate stronger acids that dissociate more completely.

Formula & Notation

Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]; pKa = −log Ka; Kd (dissociation constant)

Other Names / Synonyms: Ka, Kb, Kd, acid dissociation constant, ionisation constant, binding constant

Properties & Characteristics

The dissociation constant (Ka for acids, Kb for bases, Kd for binding) quantifies the extent to which a compound dissociates or separates into its component parts in solution. For a weak acid HA ⇌ H⁺ + A⁻, Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]. Larger Ka (smaller pKa) indicates stronger acid. For receptor-ligand binding, Kd = [R][L]/[RL]; smaller Kd indicates stronger binding. Temperature affects Kd through the van't Hoff equation.

Uses & Applications

Dissociation constants are fundamental in acid-base chemistry, buffer design, pharmacology (drug-receptor binding affinity), biochemistry (enzyme-substrate Km in Michaelis-Menten kinetics), and analytical chemistry (predicting speciation in titrations and chromatographic separations).

Safety Information

Low pKa (strong acid with high Ka) indicates a compound that can quickly lower pH to dangerous levels. High Ka values mean even dilute solutions are significantly acidic. Always calculate the expected pH of solutions before preparation and use appropriate corrosion protection.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Dissociation Constant
Formula Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]; pKa = −log Ka; Kd (dissociation constant)
Synonyms Ka, Kb, Kd, acid dissociation constant, ionisation constant, binding constant

Frequently Asked Questions

An equilibrium constant that quantifies the tendency of a complex or molecule to dissociate into its component parts. For acids, Ka represents the dissociation constant in water. Larger Ka values indicate stronger acids that dissociate more completely.

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