D

D-Orbitals

l=2; 5 orbitals: dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz²
Quick Reference
Formula / Notationl=2; 5 orbitals: dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz²
Also Known Asd-subshell orbitals; d-type atomic orbitals; t₂g and eg orbitals (in octahedral field); dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz² (individual orbital names)

What is D-Orbitals?

D-orbitals are the five atomic orbitals with angular momentum quantum number l = 2, capable of holding up to 10 electrons. They appear starting from the third principal energy level (n = 3). In transition metal chemistry, the splitting of d-orbitals in crystal fields (octahedral, tetrahedral) is responsible for the colours and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes.

Formula & Notation

l=2; 5 orbitals: dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz²

Other Names / Synonyms: d-subshell orbitals; d-type atomic orbitals; t₂g and eg orbitals (in octahedral field); dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz² (individual orbital names)

Properties & Characteristics

5 d-orbitals per subshell (m_l = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2); hold up to 10 electrons; complex shapes (4 cloverleaf-shaped + one dz² with ring); split in crystal field: octahedral → t₂g (3) and eg (2); energy: (n-1)d typically below ns; degenerate in free atom

Uses & Applications

Explaining electronic structure of transition metals; crystal field theory and coordination chemistry; spectroscopy of transition metal complexes; magnetic properties; catalytic behaviour; colour in minerals and gemstones (ruby: Cr³⁺ in Al₂O₃)

Safety Information

No hazard — atomic orbital model concept.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term D-Orbitals
Formula l=2; 5 orbitals: dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz²
Synonyms d-subshell orbitals; d-type atomic orbitals; t₂g and eg orbitals (in octahedral field); dxy, dxz, dyz, dx²-y², dz² (individual orbital names)

Frequently Asked Questions

D-orbitals are the five atomic orbitals with angular momentum quantum number l = 2, capable of holding up to 10 electrons. They appear starting from the third principal energy level (n = 3). In transition metal chemistry, the splitting of d-orbitals in crystal fields (octahedral, tetrahedral) is responsible for the colours and magnetic properties of transition metal complexes.

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