The heat content of a specific amount of substance, defined as E= PV.
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Chemical Safety
People use chemicals every day for a wide array of purposes, which can include work and house hold duties. Many of us fail to realize that we are actually handling potentially deadly chemicals when we simply clean the bathroom or wash the car. This brings to mind the reason why chemical safety is...
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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Creating Malachite egg
One of the most interesting and obvious chemical experiments is the experiment on the interaction of copper sulfate and calcium carbonate. The latter is contained in the shell of a simple egg, but copper sulphate should be searched in a chemical reagent store. This experience is simple, but...
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What's In Your Beverage? How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support
Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
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Use of diamonds
Diamond is a crystalline modification of pure carbon formed in the deep interior of the Earth, in the upper mantle at depths of more than 80-100 kilometers, at exceptionally high pressure and temperature. It is the most precious stone, the hardest and most wear-resistant mineral, the most...
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Sublimation
The direct vaporization of a sold by heating without passing through the liquid state.
PseudobinaryIonic Compounds
Compounds that contain more than two elements but are named like binary compounds.
Electrical Conductivity
Ability to conduct electricity.
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
A proton donor.
Electron Affinity
The amount of energy absorbed in the process in which an electron is added to a neutral isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion with a 1- charge, has a negative value if energy is released.
Ideal Gas Law
The product of pressure and the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas and the absolute temperature.
Hund's Rule
All orbitals of a given sublevel must be occupied by single electrons before pairing begins.
Energy
The capacity to do work or transfer heat.
Half-Life
The time required for half of a reactant to be converted into product(s). The time required for half of a given sample to undergo radioactive decay.
Breeder Reactor
A nuclear reactor that produces more fissionable nuclear fuel than it consumes.
