A natural deposit containing a mineral of an element to be extracted.
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The most expensive metal in the world
Do you think the most expensive metal is gold? No! On earth there are more valuable metals. But we need to divide the value of metals that occur in nature, and metals - isotopes, which are obtained in special laboratories. Let’s look at natural metals first.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Why do copper products change color, and what is the name of the process?
Probably, every person wants to know, why over time the copper turns green and becomes bloomed. This is easy to explain: that film is called patina.
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Chemical Safety
People use chemicals every day for a wide array of purposes, which can include work and house hold duties. Many of us fail to realize that we are actually handling potentially deadly chemicals when we simply clean the bathroom or wash the car. This brings to mind the reason why chemical safety is...
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Endothermic
Describes processes that absorb heat energy.
Acid
A substance that produces H+(aq) ions in aqueous solution. Strong acids ionize completely or almost completely in dilute aqueous solution. Weak acids ionize only slightly. Chemicals or substances having the property of an acid are said to be acidic.
Metallic Conduction
Conduction of electrical current through a metal or along a metallic surface.
Standard Electrode Potential
By convention, potential, Eo, of a half-reaction as a reduction relative to the standard hydrogen electrode when all species are present at unit activity.
Voltage
Potential difference between two electrodes, a measure of the chemical potential for a redox reaction to occur.
Primary Standard
A substance of a known high degree of purity that undergoes one invariable reaction with the other reactant of interest.
Saponification
Hydrolysis of esters in the presence of strong soluable bases.
Salicylaldehyde
An oily, slightly water-soluble liquid, C7H6O2, having an almondlike odor: used chiefly in perfumery and in the synthesis of coumarin.
Limiting Reactant
Substance that stoichiometrically limits the amount of product(s) that can be formed.
Hydrate Isomers
Isomers of crystalline complexes that differ in whether water is present inside or outside the coordination sphere.
