A method of counting electrons in a covalently bonded molecule or ion, counts bonding electrons as though they were equally shared between the two atoms.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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Chemical Safety
People use chemicals every day for a wide array of purposes, which can include work and house hold duties. Many of us fail to realize that we are actually handling potentially deadly chemicals when we simply clean the bathroom or wash the car. This brings to mind the reason why chemical safety is...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Diamonds Are Forever
Diamonds are still a girl's best friend, right? We love the shiny gems. They are the most popular rocks sold today. But what exactly are they, anyway? Where do they come from? What else are they used for?
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Metal
An element below and to the left of the stepwise division (metalloids) in the upper right corner of the periodic table, about 80% of the known elements are metals.
Active Metal
Metal with low ionization energy that loses electrons readily to form cations.
Colligative Properties
Physical properties of solutions that depend upon the number but not the kind of solute particles present.
Boiling Point Elevation
The increase in the boiling point of a solvent caused by the dissolution of a nonvolatile solute.
Denaturation
A process pertaining to a change in structure of a protein form regular to irregular arrangement of the polypeptide chains.
Explosive limits
The range of concentrations over which a flammable vapour mixed with proper ratios of air will ignite or explode if a source of ignitions is provided.
Stereoisomers
Isomers that differ only in the way that atoms are oriented in space, consist of geometrical and optical isomers.
Saccharic
of or derived from saccharin or a saccharine substance.
Eluant or eluent
The solvent used in the process of elution, as in liquid chromatography.
Reducing Agent
The substance that reduces another substance and is oxidized.
