Conduction of electrical current by ions through a solution or pure liquid.
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Semiconductor
A substance that does not conduct electricity at low temperatures but does so at higher temperatures.
Heterogeneous Equilibria
Equilibria involving species in more than one phase.
Dilution
Process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent.
xenon hexafluoride
A colorless, crystalline compound, XeF6, that melts at 50°C to a yellow liquid, and boils at 75°C.
Reaction Quotient
The mass action expression under any set of conditions (not necessarily equlibrium), its magnitude relative to K determines the direction in which the reaction must occur to establish equilibrium.
Effective Nuclear Charge
The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, the actual nuclear charge minus the effects of shielding due to inner-shell electrons.
Example: Set of dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, those d orbitals within a set with lobes directed along the x-, y-, and z-axes.
Dry Cells
Ordinary batteries (voltaic cells) for flashlights. radios, and so on, many are Leclanche cells.
Atmosphere
A unit of pressure, the pressure that will support a column of mercury 760 mm high at 0 °C.
Zone Refining
A method of purifying a bar of metal by passing it through an induction heater, this causes impurties to move along a melted portion. This method applies the fact when a metal crystallizes on cooling, impurities are automatically expelled as they do not form part of the crystal.
Lanthanides
Elements 58 to 71 (after lanthanum).
