Combination of symbols that indicates the chemical composition of a substance.
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Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Diamonds Are Forever
Diamonds are still a girl's best friend, right? We love the shiny gems. They are the most popular rocks sold today. But what exactly are they, anyway? Where do they come from? What else are they used for?
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Interesting facts about metals
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Why do copper products change color, and what is the name of the process?
Probably, every person wants to know, why over time the copper turns green and becomes bloomed. This is easy to explain: that film is called patina.
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Reducing Agent
The substance that reduces another substance and is oxidized.
Lanthanides
Elements 58 to 71 (after lanthanum).
Thermal Cracking
Decomposition by heating a substance in the presence of a catalyst and in the absence of air.
xylic acid
Any of six colorless, crystalline, isomeric acids having the formula C9H10O2, derived from xylene.
Isomers
Different substances that have the same formula.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
No two electrons in the same atom may have identical sets of four quantum numbers.
Excited State
Any state other than the ground state of an atom or molecule.
Plasma
A physical state of matter which exists at extremely high temperatures in which all molecules are dissociated and most atoms are ionized.
Overlap
The interaction of orbitals on different atoms in the same region of space.
History of diamonds
Diamond has been known for about 5 thousand years. Historians suggest that it was first discovered in India in river placers. It has long been credited with magical properties, and the largest famous crystals and products from them are shrouded in a halo of mystical legends.
