The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, the actual nuclear charge minus the effects of shielding due to inner-shell electrons.
Example: Set of dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, those d orbitals within a set with lobes directed along the x-, y-, and z-axes.
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Line Spectrum
An atomic emission or absorption spectrum.
Compressed Gas
A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 21.1°C (70°F)
Boron Hydrides
Binary compounds of boron and hydrogen.
Binary Compound
A compound consisting of two elements, may be ionic or covalent.
Actinides
Elements 89 to 103 (between lawrencium and actinium) on the periodic table. Only the first four have been found in nature in appreciable amounts. The remainder have been produced synthetically.
Nonelectrolyte
A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity.
Carcinogen
A substance capable of causing or producing cancer in mammals.
Lone Pair
Pair of electrons residing on one atom and not shared by other atoms, unshared pair.
Conformations
Structures of a compound that differ by the extent of rotation about a single bond.
Cathodic Protection
Protection of a metal (making ir a cathode) against corrosion by attaching it to a sacrifical anode of a more easily oxidized metal.
