The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, the actual nuclear charge minus the effects of shielding due to inner-shell electrons.
Example: Set of dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, those d orbitals within a set with lobes directed along the x-, y-, and z-axes.
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Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Gas of rotten eggs
If you happen to break a rotten egg, then you know the smell of hydrogen sulfide, because the stench of the spoiled egg depends on of its presence in rotting protein substances.
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Carcinogen
A substance capable of causing or producing cancer in mammals.
Cathode
Electrode at which reduction occurs in a cathode ray tube, the negative electrode.
Activity Series
A listing of metals (and hydrogen) in order of decreasing activity.
Salt and its use in everyday life
Cooking salt is a product that is available in every kitchen, and it’s not as simple as it seems. The history of this product shows that it was valued like gold.
Ketone
Compound in which a carbonyl group is bound to two alkyl or two aryl groups, or to one alkyl and one aryl group.
Meniscus
The shape assumed by the surface of a liquid in a cylindrical container.
Heterocyclic Amine
Amine in which the nitrogen is part of a ring.
Ion Product for Water
Equilibrium constant for the ionization of water, Kw = [H3O+][OH-] =1.00 x 10-14 at 25 °C.
Stereoisomers
Isomers that differ only in the way that atoms are oriented in space, consist of geometrical and optical isomers.
Alpha Particles
A helium nucleus.
