The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, the actual nuclear charge minus the effects of shielding due to inner-shell electrons.
Example: Set of dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, those d orbitals within a set with lobes directed along the x-, y-, and z-axes.
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Heat
A form of energy that flows between two samples of matter because of their differences in temperature.
Electromotive Series
The relative order of tendencies for elements and their simple ions to act as oxidizing or reducing agents, also called the activity series.
Avogadro's Law
At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain the same number of molecules.
Heavy Water
Water containing deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen.
Coke
An impure form of carbon obtained by destructive distillation of coal or petroleum.
Low Spin Complex
Crystal field designation for an inner orbital complex, contains electrons paired t2g orbitals before eg orbitals are occupied in octahedral complexes.
Dextrorotatory
Refers to an optically active substance that rotates the plane of plane polarized light clockwise, also called dextro.
Inhibitory Catalyst
An inhibitor, a catalyst that decreases the rate of reaction.
Natural Radioactivity
Spontaneous decomposition of an atom.
Background Radiation
Ratiation extraneous to an experiment. Usually the low-level natural radiation form cosmic rays and trace radioactive substances present in our environment.
