The nuclear charge experienced by the outermost electrons of an atom, the actual nuclear charge minus the effects of shielding due to inner-shell electrons.
Example: Set of dx2-y2 and dz2 orbitals, those d orbitals within a set with lobes directed along the x-, y-, and z-axes.
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Avogadro's Number
The number (6.022x10^23) of atoms, molecules or particles found in exactly 1 mole of substance.
Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in elite jewelry.
xenon tetrafluoride
A colorless, crystalline compound, XeF4, prepared by heating a gaseous mixture of fluorine and xenon.
Alpha Particles
A helium nucleus.
Can water burn?
It’s known that water consists of atoms of molecules of oxygen and hydrogen. Since any compound with oxygen indicates the ability of the substance to burn, water is no exception. Thus, water has a surprising property of already "burnt out" compound.
Electron Deficient Compounds
Compounds that contain at least one atom (other than H) that shares fewer than eight electrons.
Ideal Gas
A hypothetical gas that obeys exactly all postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory.
Do you know: some mosquitoes bite people because of their clothes
If you have ever been bitten by a mosquito, someone nearby surely gave you an explanation of why the nasty insect decided to spoil your day. Maybe they told you that you smelt good, or you had a certain type of blood or that in that shirt you looked like a potential victim.
Galvanizing
Placing a thin layer of zinc on a ferrous material to protect the underlying surface from corrosion.
Oil
Liquid triester of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids.
