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A method of purifying a bar of metal by passing it through an induction heater, this causes impurties to move along a melted portion. This method applies the fact when a metal crystallizes on cooling, impurities are automatically expelled as they do not form part of the crystal.

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Spectrum

Display of component wavelengths (colours) of electromagnetic radiation.

Electron

A subatomic particle having a mass of 0.00054858 amu and a charge of 1-.

Salicylaldehyde

An oily, slightly water-soluble liquid, C7H6O2, having an almondlike odor: used chiefly in perfumery and in the synthesis of coumarin.

Rate-determining Step

The slowest step in a mechanism, the step that determines the overall rate of reaction.

Bronsted-Lowry Base

A proton acceptor

Covalent Compounds

Compounds containing predominantly covalent bonds.

Phosphoric Acid

H3P04, Colorless liquid or rhombic crystals, decomposes before it will boil. Used mostly in the metal etchant. Used in cleaning operations to remove encrusted surface matter and mineral scale found on metal equipment such as boilers and steam producing equipment. Also used to brighten metals and remove rust.

Molecular Orbital Theory

A theory of chemical bonding based upon the postulated existence of molecular orbitals.

Greenhouse Effect

Trapping of heat at the surface of the earth by carbon dioxide and water vapour in the atmosphere.

Electron Affinity

The amount of energy absorbed in the process in which an electron is added to a neutral isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion with a 1- charge, has a negative value if energy is released.