The slowest step in a mechanism, the step that determines the overall rate of reaction.
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- Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
- Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
- What's In Your Beverage? How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support
Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
- Why do copper products change color, and what is the name of the process?
Probably, every person wants to know, why over time the copper turns green and becomes bloomed. This is easy to explain: that film is called patina.
- Use of diamonds
Diamond is a crystalline modification of pure carbon formed in the deep interior of the Earth, in the upper mantle at depths of more than 80-100 kilometers, at exceptionally high pressure and temperature. It is the most precious stone, the hardest and most wear-resistant mineral, the most...
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Flux
A substance added to react with the charge, or a product of its reduction, in metallurgy, usually added to lower a melting point.
Bubbles
Have you ever noticed that soap bubbles go up in winter and fall down in summer? The reason is that warm air is lighter than cold. And in winter the difference between the air temperature in the room (especially near the windows) and the one you exhale into the bubble is enough to overcome the heaviness of its shell.
Colloid
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute-like particles do not settle out.
Freezing Point Depression
The decrease in the freezing point of a solvent caused by the presence of a solute.ing Point
Radiation
High energy particles or rays emitted during the nuclear decay processes.
Optical Activity
The rotation of plane polarized light by one of a pair of optical isomers.
Aufbau ('building up') Principle
Describes the order in which electrons fill orbitals in atoms.
Overlap
The interaction of orbitals on different atoms in the same region of space.
Gas of rotten eggs
If you happen to break a rotten egg, then you know the smell of hydrogen sulfide, because the stench of the spoiled egg depends on of its presence in rotting protein substances.
D-Orbitals
Beginning in the third energy level, aset of five degenerate orbitals per energy level, higher in energy than s and p orbitals of the same energy level.
