Elements of the periodic Group 0, also called rare gases, formerly called inert gases, He,Ne,Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Chemical Safety
People use chemicals every day for a wide array of purposes, which can include work and house hold duties. Many of us fail to realize that we are actually handling potentially deadly chemicals when we simply clean the bathroom or wash the car. This brings to mind the reason why chemical safety is...
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Coordination Sphere
The metal ion and its coordinating ligands but not any uncoordinated counter-ions.
Ionization Energy
The minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely held electron of an isolated gaseous atom or ion.
Tyndall Effect
The scattering of light by colloidal particles.
Wild patina, is it so bad?
Usually this kind of patina appears on monuments. The most striking example is the Statue of Liberty in New York.
Ionization
In aqueous solution, the process in which a molecular compound reacts with water and forms ions.
Coordination Isomers
Isomers involving exchanges of ligands between complex cation and complex anion of the same compound.
Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
Geometrical Isomers
Compounds with different arrangements of groups on either side of a bond with restricted rotation, such as a double bond or a single bond in a ring, for example cis-trans isomers of certain alkenes. Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other, also known as position isomers.
Photoelectric Effect
Emission of an electron from the surface of a metal caused by impinging electromagnetic radiation of certain minimum energy, current increases with increasing intensity of radiation.
Reducing Agent
The substance that reduces another substance and is oxidized.
