Elements of the periodic Group 0, also called rare gases, formerly called inert gases, He,Ne,Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn.
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Addition Reaction
A reaction in which two atoms or groups of atoms are added to a molecule, one on each side of a double or triple bond. Types of addition reaction include electrophilic, nucleophilic (polar) and free radical addition (non-polar).
yttrium metal
Any of a subgroup of rare-earth elements, of which the cerium and terbium metals comprise the other two subgroups.
Absolute Zero
The zero point on the absolute temperature scale, -273.15°C or 0 K, theoretically, the temperature at which molecular motion ceases. The concept of an absolute zero temperature was first deduced from experiments with gases. When a fixed volume of gas is cooled, its pressure decreases with its temperature. Absolute zero physically possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy.
Cloud Chamber
A device for observing the paths of speeding particiles as vapor molecules condense on them to form foglike tracks.
Secondary Standard
A solution that has been titrated against a primary standard. A standard solution is a secondary standard.
Solubility Product Principle
The solubility product constant expression for a slightly soluble compound is the product of the concentrations of the constituent ions, each raised to the power that corresponds to the number of ions in one formula unit.
Nucleus
The very small, very dense, positively charged center of an atom containing protons and neutrons, as well as other subatomic particles.
Quantum Mechanics
Mathematical method of treating particles on the basis of quantum theory, which assumes that energy (of small particles) is not infinitely divisible.
Molar Solubility
Number of moles of a solute that dissolve to produce a litre of saturated solution.
Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy
The total amount of matter and energy available in the universe is fixed.
