The temperature at which liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium, also the freezing point.
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Gas of rotten eggs
If you happen to break a rotten egg, then you know the smell of hydrogen sulfide, because the stench of the spoiled egg depends on of its presence in rotting protein substances.
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The most expensive metal in the world
Do you think the most expensive metal is gold? No! On earth there are more valuable metals. But we need to divide the value of metals that occur in nature, and metals - isotopes, which are obtained in special laboratories. Let’s look at natural metals first.
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Osmosis
The process by which solvent molecules pass through a semipermable membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated solution.
Saccharic acid
A white, needlelike, crystalline, water-soluble solid or syrup, C6H10O8, usually made by the oxidation of cane sugar, glucose, or starch by nitric acid. Also called "Glucaric acid."
Electromagnetic Radiation
Energy that is propagated by means of electric and magnetic fields that oscillate in directions perpendicular to the direction of travel of the energy.
van der Waals' Equation
An equation of state that extends the ideal gas law to real gases by inclusion of two empirically determined parameters, which are different for different gases.
Ether
Compound in which an oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or two aryl groups, or one alkyl and one aryl group.
Equivalence Point
The point at which chemically equivalent amounts of reactants have reacted.
Binding Energy (nuclear binding energy)
The energy equivalent (E = mc^2) of the mass deficiency of an atom. where: E = is the energy in joules, m is the mass in kilograms, and c is the speed of light in m/s^2
Secondary Standard
A solution that has been titrated against a primary standard. A standard solution is a secondary standard.
Gangue
Sand, rock, and other impurities surrounding the mineral of interest in an ore.
Metathesis Reactions
Reactions in which two compounds react to form two new compounds, with no changes in oxidation number. Reactions in which the ions of two compounds exchange partners.
