The temperature at which liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium, also the freezing point.
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Group
A vertical column in the periodic table, also called a family.
Buret
A piece of volumetric glassware, usually graduated in 0.1-mL intervals, that is used to deliver solutions to be used in titrations in a quantitative (dropwise) manner.
Vapor
A gas formed by boiling or evaporating a liquid.
Physical Change
A change in which a substance changes from one physical state to another but no substances with different composition are formed. Example Gas to Liquid - Solid.
yttrium
A rare trivalent metallic element, found in gadolinite and other minerals. Symbol: Y, at. wt.: 88.905, at. no.: 39, sp. gr.: 4.47. Cf."rare-earth element."
Yttrium has a silver-metallic luster and is relatively stable in air unless finely divided. Turnings of the metal, however, ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400oC. Yttrium oxide is one of the most important compounds of yttrium and accounts for the largest use. It is widely used in making YVO4 europium, and Y2O3 europium phosphors to give the red color in color television tubes.
Ion
An atom or a group of atoms that carries an electric charge.
Oxide
A binary compound of oxygen.
Crystal Field Stabilization Energy
A measure of the net energy of stabilization gained by a metal ion's nonbonding d electrons as a result of complex formation.
Heterogeneous Catalyst
A catalyst that exists in a different phase (solid, liquid or gas) from the reactants, a contact catalyst.
Spectrochemical Series
Arrangement of ligands in order of increasing ligand field strength.
