Very weak and very short-range attractive forces between short-lived temporary (induced) dipoles, also called dispersion Forces.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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The most expensive metal in the world
Do you think the most expensive metal is gold? No! On earth there are more valuable metals. But we need to divide the value of metals that occur in nature, and metals - isotopes, which are obtained in special laboratories. Let’s look at natural metals first.
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Boyle's Law
At constant temperature the volume occupied by a definite mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the applied pressure.
Half-Life
The time required for half of a reactant to be converted into product(s). The time required for half of a given sample to undergo radioactive decay.
Chemical Bonds
The attractive forces that hold atoms together in elements or compounds.
Critical Point
The combination of critical temperature and critical pressure of a substance.
Ternary Acid
A ternary compound containing H, O, and another element, often a nonmetal.
Hydration Energy
The energy change accompanying the hydration of a mole of gase and ions.
Forbidden Zone
A relatively large energy separation between an insulator's highest filled electron energy band and the next higher energy vacant band. Beginning in the fourth energy level, a set of seven degenerate orbitals per energy level, higher in energy than s, p, and d orbitals of the same energy level.
Native State
Refers to the occurrence of an element in an uncombined or free state in nature.
Acetic Acid
CA3COOH, clear, colorless liquid, pungent odor. Boiling point 140C, flash point 54C (closed cup), autoignition temperature 38OC.
Combustible
Classification of liquid substances that will burn on the basis of flash points. A combustible liquid means any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F) but below 93.3°C (200°F), except any mixture having components with flash points of 93.3°C (200°F) or higher, the total of which makes up 99 percent or more of the total volume of the mixture.
