Very weak and very short-range attractive forces between short-lived temporary (induced) dipoles, also called dispersion Forces.
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Salt Bridge
A U-shaped tube containing electrolyte, which connects two half-cells of a voltaic cell.
Excited State
Any state other than the ground state of an atom or molecule.
Primary Standard
A substance of a known high degree of purity that undergoes one invariable reaction with the other reactant of interest.
Alums
Hydrated sulfates of the general formula M+M3+(SO4)2.12H2).
Specific Rate Constant
An experimentally determined (proportionality) constant, which is different for different reactions and which changes only with temperature, k in the rate-law expression: Rate = k [A] x [B]v.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons that contain double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
Aufbau ('building up') Principle
Describes the order in which electrons fill orbitals in atoms.
Rate of Reaction
Change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.
Equation of State
An equation that describes the behavior of matter in a given state, the van der Waals equation describes the behavior of the gaseous state.
