Forces between individual particles (atoms, molecules, ions) of a substance.
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The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Hydrogen Bond
A fairly strong dipole-dipole interaction (but still considerably weaker than the covalent or ionic bonds) between molecules containing hydrogen directly bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F.
Cathodic Protection
Protection of a metal (making ir a cathode) against corrosion by attaching it to a sacrifical anode of a more easily oxidized metal.
Atmosphere
A unit of pressure, the pressure that will support a column of mercury 760 mm high at 0 °C.
Heavy Water
Water containing deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen.
Optical Activity
The rotation of plane polarized light by one of a pair of optical isomers.
Period
The elements in a horizontal row of the periodic table.
Surface Tension
It is the force in dynes acting along the surface of the liquid 1cm in length and perpendicular to it.
Ether
Compound in which an oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or two aryl groups, or one alkyl and one aryl group.
Free Energy Change
The indicator of spontaneity of a process at constnt T and P. If delta-G is negative, the process is spontaneous.
Amorphous Solid
A noncrystalline solid with no well-defined ordered structure.
