The liquid and solid phases, phases in which particles interact strongly.
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Formal Charge
A method of counting electrons in a covalently bonded molecule or ion, counts bonding electrons as though they were equally shared between the two atoms.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
No two electrons in the same atom may have identical sets of four quantum numbers.
Leclanche Cell
A common type of dry cell.
xylidine
Any of six isomeric compounds that have the formula C8H11N, are derivatives of xylene, and resemble aniline: used in dye manufacture.
Allotropic Modifications (Allotropes)
Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
Ionization Isomers
Isomers that result from the interchange of ions inside and outside the coordination sphere.
Fractional Precipitation
Removal of some ions from solution by precipitation while leaving other ions with similar properties in solution.
Photoelectric Effect
Emission of an electron from the surface of a metal caused by impinging electromagnetic radiation of certain minimum energy, current increases with increasing intensity of radiation.
Critical Temperature
The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, the temperature above which a substance cannot exhibit distinct gas and liquid phases.
Film badge
A small patch of photographic film worn on clothing to detect and measure accumulated incident ionizing radiation.
