A term used to describe molecules and polyatomic ions that have one atom in the center and four atoms at the corners of a square.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Gas of rotten eggs
If you happen to break a rotten egg, then you know the smell of hydrogen sulfide, because the stench of the spoiled egg depends on of its presence in rotting protein substances.
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Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Surface Tension
It is the force in dynes acting along the surface of the liquid 1cm in length and perpendicular to it.
Linkage Isomers
Isomers in which a particular ligand bonds to a metal ion through different donor atoms.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
The entropy of a hypothetical pure, perfect, crystalline sustance at absolute zero temperature is zero.
Mass Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the charge-to-mass ratio of charged particles.
Concentration
Amount of solute per unit volume or mass of solvent or of solution.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout.
Conjugated Double Bonds
Double bonds that are separated from each other by one single bond -C=C-C=C-.
Zone Refining
A method of purifying a bar of metal by passing it through an induction heater, this causes impurties to move along a melted portion. This method applies the fact when a metal crystallizes on cooling, impurities are automatically expelled as they do not form part of the crystal.
Standard Molar Enthalphy of Formation
The amount of heat absorbed in the formation of one mole of a substance in a specified state from its elements in their standard states.
Handmade crystal glass as a work of art
In order for the colored crystal to open in all its beauty and sparkle with every face natural light is required. Handmade crystal glass has specific tactile and aesthetic properties - it is pleasant to touch, it seems to radiate heat. To appreciate the quality and beauty of such things, of course, it is not enough to look at the picture.
