A term used to describe molecules and polyatomic ions that have one atom in the center and four atoms at the corners of a square.
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Nucleus
The very small, very dense, positively charged center of an atom containing protons and neutrons, as well as other subatomic particles.
Enthalpy
The heat content of a specific amount of substance, defined as E= PV.
Nitrogen Cycle
The complex series of reactions by which nitrogen is slowly but continually recycled in the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.
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Complex Ions
Ions resulting from the formation of coordinate covalent bonds between simple ions and other ions or molecules.
Integrated Rate Equation
An equation giving the concentration of a reactant remaining after a specified time, has different mathematical form for different orders of reactants.
Primary Voltaic Cells
Voltaic cells that cannot be recharged, no further chemical reaction is possible once the reactants are consumed.
Electrolytic Conduction
Conduction of electrical current by ions through a solution or pure liquid.
Salt Bridge
A U-shaped tube containing electrolyte, which connects two half-cells of a voltaic cell.
Molecular Geometry
The arrangement of atoms (not lone pairs of electrons) around a central atom of a molecule or polyatomic ion.
