Representation of the core of a molecule, ion or formula unit by showing atomic symbols and only outer shell electrons.
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Interesting facts about metals
Metals have been used by people since ancient times. All the time the process of obtaining them was improved, useful alloys of various metals appeared. Let’s look at interesting facts about metals.
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
Most Popular
Dumas Method
A method used to determine the molecular weights of volatile liquids.
Standard Entropy
The absolute entropy of a substance in its standard state at 298 K.
Concentration
Amount of solute per unit volume or mass of solvent or of solution.
Nonelectrolyte
A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity.
Alkali Metals
Metals of Group IA (Na, K, Rb).
Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
Galvanizing
Placing a thin layer of zinc on a ferrous material to protect the underlying surface from corrosion.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
The entropy of a hypothetical pure, perfect, crystalline sustance at absolute zero temperature is zero.
Buret
A piece of volumetric glassware, usually graduated in 0.1-mL intervals, that is used to deliver solutions to be used in titrations in a quantitative (dropwise) manner.
Free Radical
A highly reactive chemical species carrying no charge and having a single unpaired electron in an orbital.
