In aqueous solution, the process in which a molecular compound reacts with water and forms ions.
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Secondary Standard
A solution that has been titrated against a primary standard. A standard solution is a secondary standard.
yttrium
A rare trivalent metallic element, found in gadolinite and other minerals. Symbol: Y, at. wt.: 88.905, at. no.: 39, sp. gr.: 4.47. Cf."rare-earth element."
Yttrium has a silver-metallic luster and is relatively stable in air unless finely divided. Turnings of the metal, however, ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400oC. Yttrium oxide is one of the most important compounds of yttrium and accounts for the largest use. It is widely used in making YVO4 europium, and Y2O3 europium phosphors to give the red color in color television tubes.
Radical
An atom or group of atoms that contains one or more unpaired electrons (usually very reactive species)
Mass Action Expression
For a reversible reaction, aA + bB cC + dD the product of the concentrations of the products (species on the right), each raised to the power that corresponds to its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation, divided by the product of the concentrations of reactants (species on the left), each raised to the power that corresponds to its coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. At equilibrium the mass action expression is equal to K, at other times it is Q.[C]c[D]d [A]a[B]b = Q, or at equilibrium K.
Flotation
Method by which hydrophobic (water-repelling) particles of an ore are separated from hydrophilic (water-attracting) particles of a metallurgical pretreatment process.
Group
A vertical column in the periodic table, also called a family.
Delocalization
Of electrons, refers to bonding electrons that are distributed among more than two atoms that are bonded together, occurs in species that exhibit resonance.
The formation of a set of molecular orbitals that extend over more than two atoms, important in species that valence bond theory describes in terms of resonance.
Periodic Law
The properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.
Heterogeneous Equilibria
Equilibria involving species in more than one phase.
xenon tetrafluoride
A colorless, crystalline compound, XeF4, prepared by heating a gaseous mixture of fluorine and xenon.
