Equation for a chemical reaction written to show the predominant form of all species in aqueous solution or in contact with water.
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Standard Electrode Potential
By convention, potential, Eo, of a half-reaction as a reduction relative to the standard hydrogen electrode when all species are present at unit activity.
Molecular Equation
Equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as if all substances existed as molecules, only complete formulas are used.
Bond Order
Half the numbers of electrons in bonding orbitals minus half the number of electrons in antibonding orbitals. Bond order gives an indication to the stability of a bond. Also defined as the difference between the number of bonding electrons and antibonding electrons divided by two.
Ion Product for Water
Equilibrium constant for the ionization of water, Kw = [H3O+][OH-] =1.00 x 10-14 at 25 °C.
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture that does not have uniform composition and properties throughout.
Chemical Bonds
The attractive forces that hold atoms together in elements or compounds.
Transition State Theory
Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.
Photochemical Smog
A brownish smog occurring in urban areas receiving large amounts of sunlight, caused by photochemical (light-induced) reactions among nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and other components of polluted air that produce photochemical oxidants.
Ioniztion
The breaking up of a compound into separate ions.
Standard Reaction
A reaction in which the numbers of moles of reactants shown in the balanced equation, all in their standard states, are completely converted to the numbers of moles of products shown in the balanced equation, also sall at their standard state.
