A solution that has been titrated against a primary standard. A standard solution is a secondary standard.
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Diamonds Are Forever
Diamonds are still a girl's best friend, right? We love the shiny gems. They are the most popular rocks sold today. But what exactly are they, anyway? Where do they come from? What else are they used for?
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Kinetic Energy
Energy that matter processes by virtue of its motion.
Melting Point
The temperature at which liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium, also the freezing point.
Donor Atom
A ligand atom whose electrons are shared with a Lewis acid.
Fatty Acids
An aliphatic acid, many can obtained from animal fats.
Adhesive Forces
Forces of attraction between a liquid and another surface.
Strong Electrolyte
A substance that conducts electricity well in a dilute aqueous solution.
Quantum Numbers
Numbers that describe the energies of electrons in atoms, derived from quantum mechanical treatment.
Electromotive Series
The relative order of tendencies for elements and their simple ions to act as oxidizing or reducing agents, also called the activity series.
Lone Pair
Pair of electrons residing on one atom and not shared by other atoms, unshared pair.
Valence Bond Theory
Assumes that covalent bonds are formed when atomic orbitals on different atoms overlap and the electrons are shared.
