A catalyst that exists in a different phase (solid, liquid or gas) from the reactants, a contact catalyst.
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Molality
Concentration expressed as number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Square Planar Complex
Complex in which the metal is in the center of a square plane, with ligand donor atoms at each of the four corners.
Excited State
Any state other than the ground state of an atom or molecule.
yttrium
A rare trivalent metallic element, found in gadolinite and other minerals. Symbol: Y, at. wt.: 88.905, at. no.: 39, sp. gr.: 4.47. Cf."rare-earth element."
Yttrium has a silver-metallic luster and is relatively stable in air unless finely divided. Turnings of the metal, however, ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400oC. Yttrium oxide is one of the most important compounds of yttrium and accounts for the largest use. It is widely used in making YVO4 europium, and Y2O3 europium phosphors to give the red color in color television tubes.
Homogeneous Catalyst
A catalyst that exists in the same phase (solid, liquid or gas) as the reactants. The process is called Homogeneous Catalysis.
Flotation
Method by which hydrophobic (water-repelling) particles of an ore are separated from hydrophilic (water-attracting) particles of a metallurgical pretreatment process.
Enantiomer
One of the two mirror-image forms of an optically active molecule.
Polymer
A large molecule consisting of chains or rings of linked monomer units, usually characterized by high melting and boiling points.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Benzene and its derivatives.
Avogadro's Number
The number (6.022x10^23) of atoms, molecules or particles found in exactly 1 mole of substance.
