Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
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Gas of rotten eggs
If you happen to break a rotten egg, then you know the smell of hydrogen sulfide, because the stench of the spoiled egg depends on of its presence in rotting protein substances.
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
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Why do copper products change color, and what is the name of the process?
Probably, every person wants to know, why over time the copper turns green and becomes bloomed. This is easy to explain: that film is called patina.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Osmotic Pressure
The hydrostatic pressure produced on the surface of a semipermable membrane by osmosis.
Central Atom
An atom in a molecule or polyatomic ion that is bonded to more than one other atom.
Supersaturated Solution
A solution that contains a higher than saturation concentration of solute, slight disturbance or seeding causes crystallization of excess solute.
Voltaic Cells
Electrochemical cells in which spontaneous chemical reactions produce electricity, also called galvanic cells.
History of fireworks
There is an assumption that the history of fireworks started in China, about 2000 years ago. It is possible that the Chinese accidentally discovered explosions by burning bamboo canes.
Cyclotron
A device for accelerating charged particles along a spiral path.
Lone Pair
Pair of electrons residing on one atom and not shared by other atoms, unshared pair.
Donor Atom
A ligand atom whose electrons are shared with a Lewis acid.
Addition Reaction
A reaction in which two atoms or groups of atoms are added to a molecule, one on each side of a double or triple bond. Types of addition reaction include electrophilic, nucleophilic (polar) and free radical addition (non-polar).
Pauli Exclusion Principle
No two electrons in the same atom may have identical sets of four quantum numbers.
