Different forms of the same element in the same physical state.
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Formula Weight
The mass of one formula unit of a substance in atomic mass units.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
The entropy of a hypothetical pure, perfect, crystalline sustance at absolute zero temperature is zero.
Crystal Lattice Energy
Amount of energy that holds a crystal together, the energy change when a mole of solid is formed from its constituent molecules or ions (for ionic compounds) in their gaseous state.
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
A proton donor.
Photon
A packet of light or electromagnetic radiation, also called quantum of light.
Semipermable Membrane
A thin partition between two solutions through which certain molecules can pass but others cannot.
Thermonuclear Energy
The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom and released through fission, fusion, or radioactivity. In these processes a small amount of mass is converted to energy according to the relationship E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.
Neutralization
The reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water. Usually, the reaction of hydrogen ions with hydrogen ions to form water molecules.
Neutron
A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1.0087 amu.
Absolute Zero
The zero point on the absolute temperature scale, -273.15°C or 0 K, theoretically, the temperature at which molecular motion ceases. The concept of an absolute zero temperature was first deduced from experiments with gases. When a fixed volume of gas is cooled, its pressure decreases with its temperature. Absolute zero physically possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy.
