A noncrystalline solid with no well-defined ordered structure.
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Chemical Safety
People use chemicals every day for a wide array of purposes, which can include work and house hold duties. Many of us fail to realize that we are actually handling potentially deadly chemicals when we simply clean the bathroom or wash the car. This brings to mind the reason why chemical safety is...
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Use of diamonds
Diamond is a crystalline modification of pure carbon formed in the deep interior of the Earth, in the upper mantle at depths of more than 80-100 kilometers, at exceptionally high pressure and temperature. It is the most precious stone, the hardest and most wear-resistant mineral, the most...
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Chemistry of the sky
Chemistry can teach us about the composition of celestial bodies and determine their age.
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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What are Compound Microscopes?
Most of the microscopes used today are compound. A compound microscope features two or more lenses. A hollow cylinder called the tube connects the two lenses. The top lens, the one people look through, is called the eyepiece. The bottom lens is known as the objective lens. Below the two lenses is...
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Wild patina, is it so bad?
Usually this kind of patina appears on monuments. The most striking example is the Statue of Liberty in New York.
Alloying
Mixing of metal with other substances (usually other metals) to modify its properties.
Transition State Theory
Theory of reaction rates that states that reactants pass through high-energy transition states before forming products.
Mass Number
The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in an atom, an integer.
Electrodes
Surfaces upon which oxidation and reduction half-reactions, occur in electrochemical cells.
Evaporation Rate
The rate at which a particular substance will vapourize (evaporate) when compared to the rate of a known substance such as ethyl ether. This term is especially useful for health and fire-hazard considerations.
Electron Affinity
The amount of energy absorbed in the process in which an electron is added to a neutral isolated gaseous atom to form a gaseous ion with a 1- charge, has a negative value if energy is released.
Single Bond
Covalent bond resulting from the sharing of two electrons (one pair) between two atoms.
Nodal Plane
A region in which the probability of finding an electron is zero.
Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat required to melt one gram of solid at its melting point with no change in temperature. Usually expressed in J/g. The molar heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to melt one mole of a solid at its melting point with no change in temperature and is usually expressed in kJ/mol.
