Water containing deuterium, a heavy isotope of hydrogen.
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Protein Design: Automated protein discovery and synthesis
In this paper I describe (theoretically) the method(s) of automated protein discovery and synthesis.
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Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types. The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The...
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Ozone
We breathe 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, consuming about 25 kg of air every day. It turns out that we practically predetermine our health by the air we breathe.
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What's In Your Beverage? How to Ensure Quality Control with CO2 Analytical Support
Calibration standards, performance audits, and the FDA's never-ending safety, labeling, and inspection requirements are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to dealing with the increasingly stringent quality control standards of the beverage industry. As these quality standards become...
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Varieties of garnet minerals
The most famous type of garnet stone is pyrope (flaming). This is the "oldest of garnets", with a dense red color, similar to the grain of an edible garnet. Pyrope has a variety called rhodolite - a stone of dense pink or pink-purple color, which sometimes has the alexandrite effect and is used in...
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Displacement Reactions
Reactions in which one element displaces another from a compound.
Heterogeneous Catalyst
A catalyst that exists in a different phase (solid, liquid or gas) from the reactants, a contact catalyst.
Cis-
The prefix used to indicate that groups are located on the same side of a bon about which rotation is restricted.
Net Ionic Equation
Equation that results from canceling spectator ions and eliminating brackets from a total ionic equation.
Gem-dimethyl group
Two methyl groups of the same carbon atom.
Molecular Equation
Equation for a chemical reaction in which all formulas are written as if all substances existed as molecules, only complete formulas are used.
Electrolytic Cells
Electrochemical cells in which electrical energy causes nospontaneous redox reactions to occur. An electrochemical cell in which chemical reactions are forced to occur by the application of an outside source of electrical energy.
Double Bond
Covalent bond resulting from the sharing of four electrons (two pairs) between two atoms.
Semipermable Membrane
A thin partition between two solutions through which certain molecules can pass but others cannot.
Electrical Conductivity
Ability to conduct electricity.
