The pressure required to liquefy a gas (vapor) at its critical temperature.
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xylose
A colorless, crystalline pentose sugar, C5H10O5, derived from xylan, straw, corncobs, etc., by treating with heated dilute sulfuric acid, and dehydrating to furfural if stronger acid is used.
Metal
An element below and to the left of the stepwise division (metalloids) in the upper right corner of the periodic table, about 80% of the known elements are metals.
Ideal Gas
A hypothetical gas that obeys exactly all postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory.
Oil
Liquid triester of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids.
Activation Energy
Amount of energy that must be absorbed by reactants in their ground states to reach the transition state so that a reaction can occur. In other words, activation energy is the minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Features of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope
The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig in the 1980s still manages to do a great job today and competes with more advanced microscope types.
The scanning tunneling microscope is used for studying the surface atoms that are found on various materials. The device is based on a complex process of "tunneling" electrons between the material and the tip of a probe.
Electrode Potentials
Potentials, E, of half-reactions as reductions versus the standard hydrogen electrode.
Deuterium
An isotope of hydrogen whose atoms are twice as massive as ordinary hydrogen,deuterion atoms contain both a proton and a neutron in the nucleus.
Ideal Solution
A solution that obeys Raoult's Law exactly.
Alkynes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.
