An oxidizing or reducing agent, who's mass gains (oxidizing agents) or loses (reducing agents) 6.022 x 1023 electrons in a redox reaction.
The mass of an acid or base that furnishes or reacts with 6.022 x 1023 H3O+ or OH- ions.
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Hydrometer
A device used to measure the densities of liquids and solutions.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Energy that is propagated by means of electric and magnetic fields that oscillate in directions perpendicular to the direction of travel of the energy.
Ionization Constant
Equilibrium constant for the ionization of a weak electrolyte.
Distillation
The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points. The process in which components of a mixture are separated by boiling away the more volitile liquid.
Cell Potential
Potential difference, Ecell, between oxidation and reduction half-cells under nonstandard conditions.
Hydrate Isomers
Isomers of crystalline complexes that differ in whether water is present inside or outside the coordination sphere.
Colligative Properties
Physical properties of solutions that depend upon the number but not the kind of solute particles present.
Isomorphous
Refers to crystals having the same atomic arrangement.
Heat of Solution
The amount of heat absorbed in the formation of solution that contains one mole of solute, the value is positive if heat is absorbed (endothermic) and negative if heat is released (exothermic).
Melting Point
The temperature at which liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium, also the freezing point.