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Van der Waals Forces

Fvdw = London + dipole-dipole + H-bond; E ∝ 1/r⁶
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationFvdw = London + dipole-dipole + H-bond; E ∝ 1/r⁶
Also Known AsIntermolecular forces, dispersion forces, London forces, dipole interactions

What is Van der Waals Forces?

Weak intermolecular forces including London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and dipole-induced dipole interactions. Named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals. These forces are responsible for the condensation of gases, properties of liquids, and physical adsorption.

Formula & Notation

Fvdw = London + dipole-dipole + H-bond; E ∝ 1/r⁶

Other Names / Synonyms: Intermolecular forces, dispersion forces, London forces, dipole interactions

Properties & Characteristics

Van der Waals forces are the weak intermolecular forces between molecules arising from temporary or permanent dipoles. They include London dispersion forces (all molecules), dipole-dipole interactions (polar molecules), and sometimes hydrogen bonding is included. The strength increases with molecular size and polarisability. Van der Waals forces determine physical properties such as boiling point, viscosity, and surface tension.

Uses & Applications

Van der Waals forces explain why non-polar substances like noble gases can be liquefied at low temperatures. They are exploited in non-covalent drug-receptor interactions and molecular recognition. Gecko adhesion to surfaces is a remarkable biological example of van der Waals forces in action.

Safety Information

Van der Waals forces are fundamental interactions. Molecules held together primarily by weak van der Waals forces tend to be volatile, which can create flammability and inhalation hazards.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Van der Waals Forces
Formula Fvdw = London + dipole-dipole + H-bond; E ∝ 1/r⁶
Synonyms Intermolecular forces, dispersion forces, London forces, dipole interactions

Frequently Asked Questions

Weak intermolecular forces including London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and dipole-induced dipole interactions. Named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals. These forces are responsible for the condensation of gases, properties of liquids, and physical adsorption.

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