M

Methane

IUPAC: methane

CH4 Organic Compounds CAS 74-82-8
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCH4
CAS Number74-82-8
Molecular Weight16.043
Melting Point-296 °F (USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point-258 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
Density0.415 to 0.45 at -259.6 °F (USCG, 1999)
Solubility3.5 mL/100 mL at 63 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceMethane is a colorless odorless gas. It is also known as marsh gas or methyl hydride. It is easily ignited. The vapors are lighter than air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the con...
Also Known AsMarsh gas; Methyl hydride; Fire Damp; Biogas; 74-82-8; R 50 (refrigerant); methan; metano; tetrahydridocarbon; HSDB 167
CategoryOrganic Compounds

What is Methane?

Methane is a one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. 161C). It has a role as a fossil fuel, a member of greenhouse gas and a bacterial metabolite. It is a gas molecular entity, an alkane, a mononuclear parent hydride and a one-carbon compound. It is a conjugate acid of a methanide.

Formula & Notation

CH4

IUPAC Name: methane

Other Names / Synonyms: Marsh gas; Methyl hydride; Fire Damp; Biogas; 74-82-8; R 50 (refrigerant); methan; metano; tetrahydridocarbon; HSDB 167

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Methane is a colorless odorless gas. It is also known as marsh gas or methyl hydride. It is easily ignited. The vapors are lighter than air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the con.... Molecular formula: CH4. Molecular weight: 16.043 g/mol. Boiling point: -258 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999). Melting point: -296 °F (USCG, 1999). Density: 0.415 to 0.45 at -259.6 °F (USCG, 1999). Solubility: 3.5 mL/100 mL at 63 °F (NTP, 1992). Vapor pressure: 258574 mmHg at 100 °F ; 760 mmHg at -258.7 °F (NTP, 1992). LogP: 0.6.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point-296 °F (USCG, 1999)
Boiling Point-258 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
Density0.415 to 0.45 at -259.6 °F (USCG, 1999)
Molecular Weight16.043
Solubility3.5 mL/100 mL at 63 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceMethane is a colorless odorless gas. It is also known as marsh gas or methyl hydride. It is easily ignited. The vapors are lighter than air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the con...

Uses & Applications

Used as an industrial feedstock, solvent, pharmaceutical intermediate, flavoring agent, or chemical building block.

Safety Information

Flammable or irritant. Many organic compounds are flammable liquids or vapours. Keep away from ignition sources. Consult SDS for specific hazard data.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Methane
Formula CH4
CAS Number 74-82-8
Molecular Weight 16.043
Synonyms Marsh gas; Methyl hydride; Fire Damp; Biogas; 74-82-8; R 50 (refrigerant); methan; metano; tetrahydridocarbon; HSDB 167

Frequently Asked Questions

Methane is a one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. 161C). It has a role as a fossil fuel, a member of greenhouse gas and a bacterial metabolite. It is a gas molecular entity, an alkane, a mononuclear parent hydride and a one-carbon compound. It is a conjugate acid of a methanide.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.