M

Macromolecule

Quick Reference
Also Known AsPolymer, high molecular weight compound, biopolymer (natural), synthetic polymer

What is Macromolecule?

A macromolecule is a very large molecule, typically with a molecular weight greater than 10,000 daltons, composed of many repeating structural units (monomers) covalently bonded together. Biological macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), polysaccharides, and lipids. Synthetic macromolecules include plastics, rubbers, and synthetic fibers. The study of macromolecules is called polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry.

Properties & Characteristics

Molecular weight: typically >10,000 Da (10 kDa). Built from repeating monomer units. Types: natural (proteins, DNA, cellulose, starch) and synthetic (nylon, polyethylene, PVC). Properties: high viscosity in solution, non-diffusable through semipermeable membranes, colloidal in solution, exhibit viscoelasticity.

Uses & Applications

Biological functions (enzymes, structural proteins, genetic information storage). Plastic and polymer manufacturing. Medical devices and implants. Drug delivery systems. Food industry (starches, proteins, gums). Textile fibers (nylon, polyester). Adhesives and coatings. Nanotechnology.

Safety Information

Biological macromolecules: generally safe. Synthetic polymers: bulk polymer generally inert; monomer residues may be toxic (e.g., vinyl chloride monomer is carcinogenic; acrylamide is neurotoxic). Polymer combustion generates toxic fumes. Microplastic contamination environmental concern.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Macromolecule
Synonyms Polymer, high molecular weight compound, biopolymer (natural), synthetic polymer

Frequently Asked Questions

A macromolecule is a very large molecule, typically with a molecular weight greater than 10,000 daltons, composed of many repeating structural units (monomers) covalently bonded together. Biological macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), polysaccharides, and lipids. Synthetic macromolecules include plastics, rubbers, and synthetic fibers. The study of macromolecules is called polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry.

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