I

Iodine

IUPAC: Diiodine

I2 Elements CAS 7553-56-2
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationI2
CAS Number7553-56-2
Molecular Weight253.81
Melting Point113.7
Boiling Point184.3
Density4.93
Solubility1.3 g/L at 20 C (slightly soluble)
AppearanceLustrous, purple-black crystalline solid; violet vapour
Also Known AsI2, iodine element
CategoryElements

What is Iodine?

Iodine is a lustrous purple-black non-metal halogen, atomic number 53. Sublimates readily to give a distinctive violet vapour. Essential trace element for thyroid hormone (thyroxine) synthesis. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide.

Formula & Notation

I2

IUPAC Name: Diiodine

Other Names / Synonyms: I2, iodine element

Properties & Characteristics

Atomic number: 53. Atomic mass: 126.90 g/mol. Period 5, Group 17 (halogen). Melting point: 113.7 C. Boiling point: 184.3 C (sublimes). Density: 4.93 g/cm3. Electronegativity: 2.66. One stable isotope: I-127. I-131: radioactive fission product and thyroid treatment agent.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point113.7
Boiling Point184.3
Density4.93
Molecular Weight253.81
Solubility1.3 g/L at 20 C (slightly soluble)
AppearanceLustrous, purple-black crystalline solid; violet vapour

Uses & Applications

Antiseptics (iodine tincture, povidone-iodine). Thyroid function (I-131 for Graves disease and thyroid cancer treatment). Iodised salt (deficiency prevention). Starch test (turns blue-black with starch). Photography (silver iodide). Chemical synthesis. Iodine number (fat unsaturation).

Safety Information

Iodine vapour: irritant to eyes and respiratory tract. Skin contact: mild irritant, stains skin brown. Iodine poisoning: excessive intake harmful to thyroid. I-131: radioactive - accumulates in thyroid, causes thyroid cancer (used in nuclear accidents - KI tablets). Oxidising agent.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Iodine
Formula I2
CAS Number 7553-56-2
Molecular Weight 253.81
Category Elements
Synonyms I2, iodine element

Frequently Asked Questions

Iodine is a lustrous purple-black non-metal halogen, atomic number 53. Sublimates readily to give a distinctive violet vapour. Essential trace element for thyroid hormone (thyroxine) synthesis. Iodine deficiency is the leading cause of preventable mental retardation worldwide.

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