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Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT | R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationPV = nRT | R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)
Also Known AsPerfect gas law, Universal gas law, PVT relationship

What is Ideal Gas Law?

The equation of state for an ideal gas: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), and T is absolute temperature. Real gases approximate ideal behavior at low pressures and high temperatures.

Formula & Notation

PV = nRT | R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)

Other Names / Synonyms: Perfect gas law, Universal gas law, PVT relationship

Properties & Characteristics

Combination of Boyle's Law (PV = const, isothermal), Charles' Law (V/T = const, isobaric), and Gay-Lussac's Law (P/T = const, isochoric). At STP (0°C, 1 atm): 1 mole = 22.4 L. At standard conditions (25°C, 1 bar): 1 mole = 24.8 L. Real gases deviate: van der Waals equation (P + an²/V²)(V−nb) = nRT. Dalton's Law: P_total = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ (partial pressures). Graham's Law: rate of effusion ∝ 1/√M.

Uses & Applications

Gas stoichiometry calculations. Determining molar mass from gas density. Atmospheric chemistry. Scuba diving gas mixtures (Dalton's Law for O₂ toxicity). Anesthesiology gas dosing. Industrial gas processes. Weather forecasting (gas pressure, density). Rocket propellant calculations. Air bag design.

Safety Information

High-pressure gas cylinders are explosion hazards if overheated or damaged. Compressed flammable gases (H₂, CH₄) are fire/explosion risks. Toxic gases (CO, Cl₂, H₂S) require gas detectors, ventilation, and respiratory protection. Always secure gas cylinders upright and away from heat sources. Check valves and regulators regularly.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Ideal Gas Law
Formula PV = nRT | R = 8.314 J/(mol·K)
Synonyms Perfect gas law, Universal gas law, PVT relationship

Frequently Asked Questions

The equation of state for an ideal gas: PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), and T is absolute temperature. Real gases approximate ideal behavior at low pressures and high temperatures.

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