H

Hydrochloric acid

IUPAC: chlorane

HCl Acids CAS 7647-01-0
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationHCl
CAS Number7647-01-0
Molecular Weight36.46
Melting Point-174.6 °F (Melting point is -13.7 °F for a 39.17% weight/weight solution.) (EPA, 1998)
Boiling Point123 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
Density1.05 at 59 °F for 10.17% weight/weight solution (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink
Solubility82.3 g/100 g at 32 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceHydrochloric acid, solution is a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Sinks and mixes with water. Produces irritating vap...
Also Known Aschlorane; hydrogen chloride; 7647-01-0; Muriatic acid; Chlorohydric acid; Anhydrous hydrochloric acid; Acide chlorhydrique; Chlorwasserstoff; Muriaticum acidum; Chloorwaterstof
CategoryAcids

What is Hydrochloric acid?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acid that appears as Hydrochloric acid, solution is a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Sinks and mixes with water. Produces irritating vap.... It has a molecular weight of 36.46 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is chlorane. Boiling point: 123 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999). Melting point: -174.6 °F (Melting point is -13.7 °F for a 39.17% weight/weight solution.) (EPA, 1998).

Formula & Notation

HCl

IUPAC Name: chlorane

Other Names / Synonyms: chlorane; hydrogen chloride; 7647-01-0; Muriatic acid; Chlorohydric acid; Anhydrous hydrochloric acid; Acide chlorhydrique; Chlorwasserstoff; Muriaticum acidum; Chloorwaterstof

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Hydrochloric acid, solution is a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Sinks and mixes with water. Produces irritating vap.... Molecular formula: ClH. Molecular weight: 36.46 g/mol. Boiling point: 123 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999). Melting point: -174.6 °F (Melting point is -13.7 °F for a 39.17% weight/weight solution.) (EPA, 1998). Density: 1.05 at 59 °F for 10.17% weight/weight solution (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink. Solubility: 82.3 g/100 g at 32 °F (NTP, 1992). Vapor pressure: 413.6 mmHg (USCG, 1999). LogP: 0.8.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point-174.6 °F (Melting point is -13.7 °F for a 39.17% weight/weight solution.) (EPA, 1998)
Boiling Point123 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999)
Density1.05 at 59 °F for 10.17% weight/weight solution (EPA, 1998) - Denser than water; will sink
Molecular Weight36.46
Solubility82.3 g/100 g at 32 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceHydrochloric acid, solution is a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Sinks and mixes with water. Produces irritating vap...

Uses & Applications

Used in industrial chemical synthesis, fertilizer production, battery electrolytes, metal processing, and laboratory acid-base reactions.

Safety Information

Corrosive. Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and lab coat. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Hydrochloric acid
Formula HCl
CAS Number 7647-01-0
Molecular Weight 36.46
Category Acids
Synonyms chlorane; hydrogen chloride; 7647-01-0; Muriatic acid; Chlorohydric acid; Anhydrous hydrochloric acid; Acide chlorhydrique; Chlorwasserstoff; Muriaticum acidum; Chloorwaterstof

Frequently Asked Questions

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an acid that appears as Hydrochloric acid, solution is a colorless watery liquid with a sharp, irritating odor. Consists of hydrogen chloride, a gas, dissolved in water. Sinks and mixes with water. Produces irritating vap.... It has a molecular weight of 36.46 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is chlorane. Boiling point: 123 °F at 760 mmHg (USCG, 1999). Melting point: -174.6 °F (Melting point is -13.7 °F for a 39.17% weight/weight solution.) (EPA, 1998).

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.