Haber Process
| Formula / Notation | N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ | ΔH = −92 kJ/mol |
|---|---|
| Also Known As | Haber-Bosch process, Ammonia synthesis |
What is Haber Process?
The industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃. Conditions: iron catalyst, 400-500°C, 150-300 atm pressure. The process is a compromise between yield (favored by low temperature) and rate (favored by high temperature). Fundamental to fertilizer production.
Formula & Notation
Other Names / Synonyms: Haber-Bosch process, Ammonia synthesis
Properties & Characteristics
Uses & Applications
Safety Information
Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.
Key Facts
Frequently Asked Questions
The industrial synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃. Conditions: iron catalyst, 400-500°C, 150-300 atm pressure. The process is a compromise between yield (favored by low temperature) and rate (favored by high temperature). Fundamental to fertilizer production.
Primary industrial method producing over 150 million tonnes of ammonia annually. Ammonia used for: nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) — feeds approximately half the world population. Manufacture of nitric acid (Ostwald process). Explosives (TNT, RDX via nitric acid). Ref…
High-pressure, high-temperature operations require specialized equipment and strict safety protocols. Ammonia is toxic (IDLH = 300 ppm), corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Liquid ammonia causes cryogenic burns. Iron catalyst is pyrophoric when freshly prepared. Emergency response require…
The formula or notation for Haber Process is: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ | ΔH = −92 kJ/mol