H

Half-Cell

E = E° − (RT/nF)lnQ
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationE = E° − (RT/nF)lnQ
Also Known AsHalf-cell, electrode half-reaction, electrochemical half-cell

What is Half-Cell?

One half of an electrochemical cell, consisting of an electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution. The half-cell reaction involves either oxidation (at the anode) or reduction (at the cathode). The cell potential is the sum of the two half-cell potentials.

Formula & Notation

E = E° − (RT/nF)lnQ

Other Names / Synonyms: Half-cell, electrode half-reaction, electrochemical half-cell

Properties & Characteristics

A half-cell is the portion of an electrochemical cell consisting of a single electrode in contact with a solution of its ions. Each half-cell undergoes either oxidation or reduction at the electrode. The potential of a half-cell is measured relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE: 2H⁺(aq, 1M) + 2e⁻ → H₂(g, 1 atm), E° = 0.00 V). Standard half-cell potentials (E°) are tabulated and used to calculate standard cell EMFs.

Uses & Applications

Half-cell concepts are foundational in electrochemistry: designing galvanic cells and batteries, calculating equilibrium constants from E°, potentiometric pH measurement (glass half-cell vs. reference half-cell), and understanding electrode reactions in electrolysis and corrosion.

Safety Information

Handling half-cell electrolytes containing toxic ions (Hg²⁺ in calomel electrode, Ag⁺, Pb²⁺) requires care. Mercury-based reference electrodes are being replaced by less toxic alternatives (Ag/AgCl). Concentrated acid electrolytes in half-cells are corrosive.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Half-Cell
Formula E = E° − (RT/nF)lnQ
Synonyms Half-cell, electrode half-reaction, electrochemical half-cell

Frequently Asked Questions

One half of an electrochemical cell, consisting of an electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution. The half-cell reaction involves either oxidation (at the anode) or reduction (at the cathode). The cell potential is the sum of the two half-cell potentials.

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