G

Glycolic acid

IUPAC: 2-hydroxyacetic acid

C2H4O3 Acids CAS 79-14-1
Expert Written | Fact Checked | Sources Cited | AllChemicals Editorial Team
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationC2H4O3
CAS Number79-14-1
Molecular Weight76.05
Melting Point79.5 °C
Boiling Point100 °C
Density1.49 at 25 °C/4 °C
SolubilitySoluble in ethanol, ethyl ether
AppearanceLiquid; NKRA
Also Known As2-hydroxyacetic acid; 2-Hydroxyacetic acid; 79-14-1; hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid; glycolate; alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid; 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid; Kyselina glykolova
CategoryAcids

What is Glycolic acid?

Glycolic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. It has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug. It is a primary alcohol and a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.

Formula & Notation

C2H4O3

IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyacetic acid

Other Names / Synonyms: 2-hydroxyacetic acid; 2-Hydroxyacetic acid; 79-14-1; hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid; glycolate; alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid; 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid; Kyselina glykolova

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Liquid; NKRA. Molecular formula: C2H4O3. Molecular weight: 76.05 g/mol. Boiling point: 100 °C. Melting point: 79.5 °C. Density: 1.49 at 25 °C/4 °C. Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether. Vapor pressure: 0.02 [mmHg]. LogP: -1.1.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point79.5 °C
Boiling Point100 °C
Density1.49 at 25 °C/4 °C
Molecular Weight76.05
SolubilitySoluble in ethanol, ethyl ether
AppearanceLiquid; NKRA

Uses & Applications

Used in industrial chemical synthesis, fertilizer production, battery electrolytes, metal processing, and laboratory acid-base reactions.

Safety Information

Corrosive. Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Wear appropriate PPE including gloves, goggles, and lab coat. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Glycolic acid
Formula C2H4O3
CAS Number 79-14-1
Molecular Weight 76.05
Category Acids
Synonyms 2-hydroxyacetic acid; 2-Hydroxyacetic acid; 79-14-1; hydroxyacetic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid; glycolate; alpha-Hydroxyacetic acid; 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid; Kyselina glykolova

Frequently Asked Questions

Glycolic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated. It has a role as a metabolite and a keratolytic drug. It is a primary alcohol and a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid. It is functionally related to an acetic acid. It is a conjugate acid of a glycolate.

More "G" Terms

View all "G" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.