G

Geiger Counter

Quick Reference
Also Known AsGeiger-Müller counter, GM counter, radiation detector, Geiger tube

What is Geiger Counter?

A Geiger counter (Geiger-Müller counter) is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It consists of a gas-filled tube (usually helium, neon, or argon with a halogen) with a central wire electrode. When ionizing radiation enters the tube, it ionizes the gas and creates a detectable electrical pulse. Each pulse is counted or converted to an audible click.

Properties & Characteristics

Operating voltage: 300–900 V. Detects: alpha, beta, gamma, and X-ray radiation. Dead time: 50–100 μs (cannot detect two events too close together). Count rate: pulses per second or per minute. Cannot measure energy of radiation. Efficiency: nearly 100% for alpha/beta, ~1% for gamma.

Uses & Applications

Radiation safety monitoring and surveys. Nuclear power plant monitoring. Environmental radiation detection. Medical radioisotope handling facilities. Laboratory radiation safety. Emergency response to nuclear incidents. Prospecting for radioactive minerals. Educational demonstrations.

Safety Information

Device used for radiation safety — the instrument itself is not hazardous. May give false readings near electromagnetic interference. Battery depletion can cause false "safe" readings. Dead time can cause underestimation at very high dose rates. Regular calibration required.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Geiger Counter
Synonyms Geiger-Müller counter, GM counter, radiation detector, Geiger tube

Frequently Asked Questions

A Geiger counter (Geiger-Müller counter) is an instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation. It consists of a gas-filled tube (usually helium, neon, or argon with a halogen) with a central wire electrode. When ionizing radiation enters the tube, it ionizes the gas and creates a detectable electrical pulse. Each pulse is counted or converted to an audible click.

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