G

Glycerol

IUPAC: propane-1,2,3-triol

C3H8O3 Organic Compounds CAS 56-81-5
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationC3H8O3
CAS Number56-81-5
Molecular Weight92.09
Melting Point64 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point554 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
Density1.261 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
Solubilitygreater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceGlycerine appears as a colorless to brown colored liquid. Combustible but may require some effort to ignite.
Also Known Aspropane-1,2,3-triol; glycerin; 56-81-5; Glycerine; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; Glycyl alcohol; Trihydroxypropane; Glyceritol; Osmoglyn; 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane
CategoryOrganic Compounds

What is Glycerol?

Glycerol is a triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. It has a role as a geroprotector, an osmolyte, a detergent, a solvent, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is an alditol and a triol.

Formula & Notation

C3H8O3

IUPAC Name: propane-1,2,3-triol

Other Names / Synonyms: propane-1,2,3-triol; glycerin; 56-81-5; Glycerine; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; Glycyl alcohol; Trihydroxypropane; Glyceritol; Osmoglyn; 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Glycerine appears as a colorless to brown colored liquid. Combustible but may require some effort to ignite.. Molecular formula: C3H8O3. Molecular weight: 92.09 g/mol. Boiling point: 554 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992). Melting point: 64 °F (NTP, 1992). Density: 1.261 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink. Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992). Vapor pressure: 0.0025 mmHg at 122 °F ; 40 mmHg at 388 °F (NTP, 1992). LogP: -1.8.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point64 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point554 °F at 760 mmHg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)
Density1.261 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
Molecular Weight92.09
Solubilitygreater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 64 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceGlycerine appears as a colorless to brown colored liquid. Combustible but may require some effort to ignite.

Uses & Applications

Used as an industrial feedstock, solvent, pharmaceutical intermediate, flavoring agent, or chemical building block.

Safety Information

Flammable or irritant. Many organic compounds are flammable liquids or vapours. Keep away from ignition sources. Consult SDS for specific hazard data.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Glycerol
Formula C3H8O3
CAS Number 56-81-5
Molecular Weight 92.09
Synonyms propane-1,2,3-triol; glycerin; 56-81-5; Glycerine; 1,2,3-Propanetriol; Glycyl alcohol; Trihydroxypropane; Glyceritol; Osmoglyn; 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane

Frequently Asked Questions

Glycerol is a triol with a structure of propane substituted at positions 1, 2 and 3 by hydroxy groups. It has a role as a geroprotector, an osmolyte, a detergent, a solvent, a mouse metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is an alditol and a triol.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.