N

Nitromethane

IUPAC: nitromethane

CH3NO2 Solvents CAS 75-52-5
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Quick Reference
Formula / NotationCH3NO2
CAS Number75-52-5
Molecular Weight61.040
Melting Point-20 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point214.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Density1.139 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
Solubilitygreater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceNitromethane appears as a colorless oily liquid. Flash point 95 °F. May violently decompose if intensely heated when contaminated. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence sinks in w...
Also Known As75-52-5; Nitrocarbol; Methane, nitro-; Nitrometan; DTXSID2020977; RU5WG8C3F4; NSC-428; DTXCID40977; NSC428; CHEBI:77701
CategorySolvents

What is Nitromethane?

Nitromethane is a primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 C), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. It has a role as a NMR chemical shift reference compound, a polar aprotic solvent, an explosive and an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor. It is a primary nitroalkane and a volatile organic compound.

Formula & Notation

CH3NO2

IUPAC Name: nitromethane

Other Names / Synonyms: 75-52-5; Nitrocarbol; Methane, nitro-; Nitrometan; DTXSID2020977; RU5WG8C3F4; NSC-428; DTXCID40977; NSC428; CHEBI:77701

Properties & Characteristics

Appearance: Nitromethane appears as a colorless oily liquid. Flash point 95 °F. May violently decompose if intensely heated when contaminated. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence sinks in w.... Molecular formula: CH3NO2. Molecular weight: 61.040 g/mol. Boiling point: 214.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992). Melting point: -20 °F (NTP, 1992). Density: 1.139 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink. Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992). Vapor pressure: 27.8 mmHg at 68 °F (NTP, 1992). LogP: 0.1.

Physical Data

PropertyValue
Melting Point-20 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point214.2 °F at 760 mmHg (NTP, 1992)
Density1.139 at 68 °F (USCG, 1999) - Denser than water; will sink
Molecular Weight61.040
Solubilitygreater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68 °F (NTP, 1992)
AppearanceNitromethane appears as a colorless oily liquid. Flash point 95 °F. May violently decompose if intensely heated when contaminated. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Hence sinks in w...

Uses & Applications

Used as a reaction solvent in organic synthesis, extraction solvent, cleaning agent, or in pharmaceutical manufacture.

Safety Information

Flammable solvent. Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame. Use in well-ventilated area or fume hood. Consult SDS before use.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Nitromethane
Formula CH3NO2
CAS Number 75-52-5
Molecular Weight 61.040
Category Solvents
Synonyms 75-52-5; Nitrocarbol; Methane, nitro-; Nitrometan; DTXSID2020977; RU5WG8C3F4; NSC-428; DTXCID40977; NSC428; CHEBI:77701

Frequently Asked Questions

Nitromethane is a primary nitroalkane that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replace by a nitro group. A polar solvent (b.p. 101 C), it is an important starting material in organic synthesis. It is also used as a fuel for rockets and radio-controlled models. It has a role as a NMR chemical shift reference compound, a polar aprotic solvent, an explosive and an EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor. It is a primary nitroalkane and a volatile organic compound.

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Editorial standards: Chemical data is sourced from peer-reviewed literature, CAS Registry, NIST WebBook, and PubChem. Safety information reflects guidance from OSHA, ECHA, and IAEA. For educational purposes only — always consult official SDS documentation and qualified professionals before handling chemicals.