H

Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Quick Reference
Formula / Notation2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Also Known AsH₂-O₂ fuel cell, hydrogen fuel cell, PEM fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell

What is Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell?

A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy, with water as the only product. Unlike batteries, fuel cells are not recharged — they continue producing electricity as long as fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (oxygen) are supplied. They are highly efficient (40–60% electrical efficiency, up to 85% combined heat and power).

Formula & Notation

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Other Names / Synonyms: H₂-O₂ fuel cell, hydrogen fuel cell, PEM fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell

Properties & Characteristics

Overall reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O + electricity. Anode: H₂ → 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ (oxidation). Cathode: O₂ + 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ → 2H₂O (reduction). Types: PEM (proton exchange membrane), alkaline, phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, solid oxide. Theoretical EMF: 1.23 V. Efficiency: 40–60% electrical.

Uses & Applications

Electric vehicles (fuel cell cars, buses, forklifts). Backup power systems. Space exploration (NASA Apollo, Space Shuttle used fuel cells). Portable power generation. Stationary power plants. Submarines (oxygen independent). Remote power in telecommunications.

Safety Information

Hydrogen storage and handling — highly flammable, wide explosive range (4–75% in air). Autoignition temperature: 500°C. High-pressure hydrogen storage hazards. Hydrogen embrittlement of metals. Cryogenic liquid hydrogen (-253°C) burns. Oxygen enrichment hazards at cathode. Proper ventilation critical.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cell
Formula 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
Synonyms H₂-O₂ fuel cell, hydrogen fuel cell, PEM fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell

Frequently Asked Questions

A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy, with water as the only product. Unlike batteries, fuel cells are not recharged — they continue producing electricity as long as fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (oxygen) are supplied. They are highly efficient (40–60% electrical efficiency, up to 85% combined heat and power).

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