M

Molecular Weight

M_r = sum of atomic masses; relative molecular mass (dimensionless)
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationM_r = sum of atomic masses; relative molecular mass (dimensionless)
Also Known AsMolar mass (same magnitude, different units), relative molecular mass, formula weight, MW

What is Molecular Weight?

The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule, expressed in atomic mass units (amu) or g/mol. Equivalent to molar mass. Determined experimentally by mass spectrometry, osmometry, or other techniques. Used in stoichiometric and structural calculations.

Formula & Notation

M_r = sum of atomic masses; relative molecular mass (dimensionless)

Other Names / Synonyms: Molar mass (same magnitude, different units), relative molecular mass, formula weight, MW

Properties & Characteristics

Molecular weight (M_r or MW) is the relative molecular mass of a compound, calculated as the sum of the relative atomic masses of all atoms in the molecular formula. It is dimensionless (ratio to 1/12 of the mass of ¹²C), but numerically equivalent to the molar mass in g/mol. For ionic compounds, "formula weight" is used instead of molecular weight. Average molecular weight (for polymers) uses Mn (number-average) or Mw (weight-average) depending on the measurement method.

Uses & Applications

Molecular weight is used in: all stoichiometric calculations, preparation of solutions, osmometry and cryoscopy (colligative property measurements of MW), gel filtration chromatography (separation by MW), SDS-PAGE (protein MW determination), and in polymer characterisation (MW distribution by GPC/SEC).

Safety Information

No direct safety concern for the concept. Drugs have precise molecular weights that determine dosing calculations. For natural product compounds isolated from toxic sources, correct MW assignment (and therefore correct formula) is essential to ensure the correct compound has been identified.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Molecular Weight
Formula M_r = sum of atomic masses; relative molecular mass (dimensionless)
Synonyms Molar mass (same magnitude, different units), relative molecular mass, formula weight, MW

Frequently Asked Questions

The sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecule, expressed in atomic mass units (amu) or g/mol. Equivalent to molar mass. Determined experimentally by mass spectrometry, osmometry, or other techniques. Used in stoichiometric and structural calculations.

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