Mass Spectrometry — Definition, Formula, Properties & Uses | AllChemicals | AllChemicals

Also Known As	Mass spec, MS, m/z analysis, spectrometry

What is Mass Spectrometry?

An analytical technique that separates ions by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) to determine molecular masses and structural information. The sample is ionized, accelerated, and deflected by a magnetic field. The resulting mass spectrum provides molecular weight and fragmentation pattern information.

Properties & Characteristics

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions to determine molecular masses, molecular formulas (from high-resolution MS), and structural information (from fragmentation patterns). Ionisation methods include EI (electron ionisation), ESI (electrospray, for proteins), MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption, for large biomolecules), and CI (chemical ionisation). Resolution determines whether isotope peaks or adjacent masses can be separated.

Uses & Applications

MS is used in: molecular formula determination (high-resolution MS gives exact mass), structure elucidation (MS/MS fragmentation), proteomics (protein identification from peptide masses), metabolomics, environmental analysis (GC-MS or LC-MS for trace organics), pharmaceutical quality control (identity and purity), forensics, and isotope ratio measurement (IRMS).

Safety Information

Mass spectrometers use high voltages (EI source at 70 eV electron beam, ESI at kV), high vacuum (turbomolecular pumps), and in some cases volatile or reactive solvents (for ESI). Proper electrical interlocks, grounding, and ventilation of solvent vapours are necessary.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Mass Spectrometry

Index All "M" terms

Synonyms Mass spec, MS, m/z analysis, spectrometry

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Mass Spectrometry?

An analytical technique that separates ions by mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) to determine molecular masses and structural information. The sample is ionized, accelerated, and deflected by a magnetic field. The resulting mass spectrum provides molecular weight and fragmentation pattern information.

What is Mass Spectrometry used for?

Is Mass Spectrometry hazardous?

More "M" Terms

Macromolecule Magnesium Mg Magnetic Quantum Number m_l quantum number: −l to +l integers; e.g., p: m_l = −1, 0, +1 Main Group Elements Manganese Mn Manometer P = ρgh (hydrostatic); manometer measures pressure differential Mass Mass Action Expression Mass Defect Δm = Z·mₚ + N·mₙ − m_nucleus Mass Deficiency Mass Number Mass Number A = Z + N

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