M

Mass Number

A = Z + N
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationA = Z + N
Also Known AsA (mass number), nucleon number, atomic mass number

What is Mass Number?

The total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus of an atom, denoted A. The mass number is written as a superscript before the element symbol (e.g., ¹²C). Isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers but the same atomic number.

Formula & Notation

A = Z + N

Other Names / Synonyms: A (mass number), nucleon number, atomic mass number

Properties & Characteristics

The mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus of an atom. It is represented as a superscript to the left of the element symbol: ¹²₆C (A=12, Z=6, N=6). Isotopes of the same element have the same Z but different A (and N). The mass number approximates the atomic mass (in amu) since protons and neutrons each have mass ≈ 1 amu, and electron mass is negligible. It determines: nuclear stability, radioactivity type, and half-life.

Uses & Applications

Mass number is used to: identify specific isotopes (¹²C vs ¹³C vs ¹⁴C), write nuclear equations (mass numbers must balance), determine whether an isotope is stable or radioactive (even/odd proton-neutron combinations affect stability), and in nuclear medicine to specify which radioisotope is being used.

Safety Information

No direct safety concern for the concept. High mass numbers correspond to heavy elements, many of which are radioactive. All actinide elements (Z=89-103) have no stable isotopes — all are radioactive regardless of mass number. Uranium and thorium are naturally occurring heavy-element hazards.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Mass Number
Formula A = Z + N
Synonyms A (mass number), nucleon number, atomic mass number

Frequently Asked Questions

The total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus of an atom, denoted A. The mass number is written as a superscript before the element symbol (e.g., ¹²C). Isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers but the same atomic number.

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