I

Isothermal

T = constant; PV = k
Quick Reference
Formula / NotationT = constant; PV = k
Also Known AsIsothermal process, constant temperature process, isothermal expansion/compression

What is Isothermal?

A process occurring at constant temperature. For an ideal gas, isothermal expansion follows Boyle's law (PV = constant). In thermodynamics, isothermal processes involve heat exchange with the surroundings to maintain constant temperature.

Formula & Notation

T = constant; PV = k

Other Names / Synonyms: Isothermal process, constant temperature process, isothermal expansion/compression

Properties & Characteristics

An isothermal process is one that occurs at constant temperature throughout. In an isothermal expansion or compression of an ideal gas, temperature is held constant: PV = nRT = constant (Boyle's law). Work done in isothermal reversible expansion: w = −nRT ln(V₂/V₁). In isothermal chemical reactions, the enthalpy change equals the heat exchanged (at constant T and P). Isothermal conditions are maintained by heat exchange with a thermostat (constant temperature bath).

Uses & Applications

Isothermal conditions are used in: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC, measures binding thermodynamics), isothermal compressibility measurements, isothermal phase diagram determination, and in thermodynamic analysis where temperature control eliminates heat as a variable.

Safety Information

Maintaining isothermal conditions in highly exothermic reactions requires adequate cooling capacity. If cooling fails, temperature rises (adiabatic conditions), potentially leading to thermal runaway. Heat exchangers and cooling systems in isothermal industrial reactors are critical safety systems.

Always consult the SDS/MSDS before handling any chemical. This information is for educational purposes only.

Key Facts

Term Isothermal
Formula T = constant; PV = k
Synonyms Isothermal process, constant temperature process, isothermal expansion/compression

Frequently Asked Questions

A process occurring at constant temperature. For an ideal gas, isothermal expansion follows Boyle's law (PV = constant). In thermodynamics, isothermal processes involve heat exchange with the surroundings to maintain constant temperature.

More "I" Terms

View all "I" terms →
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z